Oracle® Multimedia Reference 11g Release 2 (11.2) Part Number E10776-01 |
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Oracle Multimedia describes the ORDSource object type, which supports access to a variety of sources of multimedia data. It supports access to data sources locally in a BLOB within the database, externally from a BFILE on a local file system, externally from a URL on an HTTP server, or externally from a user-defined source on another server.
The ORDSource object type is defined in the ordsrcsp.sql
file. After installation, this file is available in the Oracle home directory at:
<ORACLE_HOME>
/ord/im/admin
(on Linux and UNIX)
<ORACLE_HOME>
\ord\im\admin
(on Windows)
Oracle Multimedia contains the following information about the ORDSource object type:
Note:
This object is used only by other Oracle Multimedia objects. The information in this chapter is included for reference only. Oracle does not recommend that you use this type.Methods invoked at the ORDSource level that are handed off to the source plug-in for processing have ctx (RAW) as the first argument. Before calling any of these methods for the first time, the client must allocate the ctx structure, initialize it to NULL, and invoke the open( ) method. At this point, the source plug-in can initialize context for this client. When processing is complete, the client must invoke the close( ) method.
Methods invoked from a source plug-in call have the first argument as obj (ORDSource) and the second argument as ctx (RAW).
Note:
In the current release, none of the plug-ins provided by Oracle and not all source or format plug-ins use the ctx argument, but if you code as previously described, your application should work with current or future source or format plug-ins.The ORDSource object does not attempt to maintain consistency, for example, with local and upDateTime attributes. It is up to you to maintain consistency. ORDAudio, ORDDoc, ORDImage, and ORDVideo objects all maintain consistency of their included ORDSource object.
The ORDSource object type supports access to a variety of sources of multimedia data. The attributes for this object type are defined as follows in the ordsrcsp.sql
file:
------------------- -- TYPE ATTRIBUTES ------------------- localData BLOB, srcType VARCHAR2(4000), srcLocation VARCHAR2(4000), srcName VARCHAR2(4000), updateTime DATE, local NUMBER,
where:
localData: the locally stored multimedia data stored as a BLOB within the object. Depending on the block size, up to 8 terabytes (TB) to 128 TB of data can be stored as a BLOB within Oracle Database, and is protected by the Oracle security and transaction environment.
srcType: the data source type. (See Table 2-1.)
srcLocation: the place where data can be found based on the srcType value. (See Table 2-2.)
srcName: the data object name. (See Table 2-3.)
updateTime: the time at which the data was last updated.
local: a flag to determine whether the data is local:
1
means the data is in the BLOB.
0
means the data is in external sources.
NULL
, which may be a default state when you first insert an empty row, is assumed to mean data is local.
This section presents ORDSource reference information about these ORDSource methods, which are provided for source data manipulation:
For more information about object types and methods, see Oracle Database Concepts.
Format
clearLocal( );
Description
Resets the local attribute value from 1, meaning the source of the data is stored locally in a BLOB in the database, to 0, meaning the source of the data is stored externally.
Parameters
None.
Usage Notes
This method sets the local attribute to 0, meaning the data is stored externally or outside the database.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
None.
Examples
None.
Format
close(ctx IN OUT RAW) RETURN INTEGER;
Description
Closes a data source.
Parameters
The source plug-in context information.
Usage Notes
Calling this method uses the ORDPLUGINS.ORDX_<srcType>_SOURCE plug-in package.
The return INTEGER is 0 (zero) for success and greater than 0 (for example, 1) for failure. The exact number and the meaning for that number is plug-in defined. For example, for the file plug-in, 1 might mean "File not found," 2 might mean "No such directory," and so on.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_INFORMATION
This exception is raised if you call the close( ) method and the value for the srcType attribute is NULL.
ORDSourceExceptions.METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED
This exception is raised if you call the close( ) method and this method is not supported by the source plug-in being used.
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.
Format
deleteLocalContent( );
Description
Deletes the local data from the localData attribute.
Parameters
None.
Usage Notes
This method can be called after you export the data from the local source to an external data source and you no longer need this data in the local source.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
None.
Examples
None.
Format
export(ctx IN OUT RAW,
source_type IN VARCHAR2,
source_location IN VARCHAR2,
source_name IN VARCHAR2);
Description
Copies data from the localData attribute within the database to an external data source.
Note:
The export( ) method provides native support only for a source.srcType value of file. In this case, the data is exported to a file in a system that is accessible to Oracle Database. User-defined sources may support the export( ) method to provide WRITE access to other types of data stores.Parameters
The source plug-in context information.
The type of the source data to be exported.
The location to which the source data is to be exported.
The name of the object to which the source data is to be exported.
Usage Notes
This method exports data out of the localData attribute to another source.
Calling this method uses the ORDPLUGINS.ORDX_<srcType>_SOURCE plug-in package.
After exporting data, the srcType, srcLocation, and srcName attributes are updated with input parameter values. After calling the export( ) method, call the clearLocal( ) method to indicate the data is stored outside the database and call the deleteLocalContent( ) method to delete the content of the local data.
This method is also available for user-defined sources that can support the export( ) method.
The only server-side native support for the export method is for the srcType file.
The export( ) method for a source type of file is similar to a file copy operation in that the original data stored in the BLOB is not touched other than for reading purposes.
The export( ) method is not an exact mirror operation to the import( ) method in that the clearLocal( ) method is not automatically called to indicate the data is stored outside the database, whereas the import( ) method automatically calls the setLocal( ) method.
Call the deleteLocalContent( ) method after calling the export( ) method to delete the content from the database if you no longer intend to manage the multimedia data within the database.
When the source_type parameter has a value of file, the source_location parameter specifies the name of an Oracle directory object, and the source_name parameter specifies the name of the file to contain the data.
The export( ) method writes only to a database directory object that the user has privilege to access. That is, you can access a directory object that you have created using the SQL CREATE DIRECTORY statement, or one to which you have been granted READ and WRITE access.
For example, the following SQL*Plus commands create a directory object and grant the user ron
permission to read and write to any file within the directory c:\mydir\work
:
CONNECT sys as sysdba
Enter password: password
CREATE OR REPLACE DIRECTORY FILE_DIR AS 'c:\mydir\work';
GRANT READ,WRITE ON DIRECTORY FILE_DIR TO ron;
Now, the user ron
can export an image to the testimg.jpg
file in this directory using the export( ) method of the ORDImage object:
img.export('FILE', 'FILE_DIR', testimg.jpg');
Invoking this method implicitly calls the setUpdateTime( ) method.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_INFORMATION
This exception is raised if you call the export( ) method and the value of the srcType attribute is NULL.
ORDSourceExceptions.METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED
This exception is raised if you call the export( ) method and this method is not supported by the source plug-in being used.
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.
Format
getBFile( ) RETURN BFILE;
Description
Returns a BFILE handle, if the srcType attribute value is file
.
Parameters
None.
Usage Notes
This method can be used only for a srcType of file
.
Pragmas
PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES(getBFile, WNDS, WNPS, RNDS, RNPS)
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_INFORMATION
This exception is raised if you call the getBFile( ) method and the value of the srcType attribute is NULL.
ORDSourceExceptions.INVALID_SOURCE_TYPE
This exception is raised if you call the getBFile( ) method and the value of the srcType attribute is other than file
.
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.
Format
getContentInTempLob(ctx IN OUT RAW,
tempLob IN OUT NOCOPY BLOB,
mimeType OUT VARCHAR2,
format OUT VARCHAR2,
duration IN PLS_INTEGER := 10,
cache IN BOOLEAN := TRUE);
Description
Transfers data from the current data source into a temporary LOB, which is to be allocated and initialized as a part of this call.
Parameters
The source plug-in context information.
An uninitialized BLOB locator, which is to be allocated in this call.
An output parameter to receive the MIME type of the data, for example, audio/basic
.
An output parameter to receive the format of the data, for example, AUFF
.
The life of the temporary LOB to be allocated. The life of the temporary LOB can be for the duration of the call, the transaction, or for the session. The default is DBMS_LOB.SESSION. Valid values for each duration state are as follow:
DBMS_LOB.CALL
DBMS_LOB.TRANSACTION
DBMS_LOB.SESSION
A Boolean value that indicates whether to keep the data cached. The value is either TRUE or FALSE. The default is TRUE.
Usage Notes
None.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
NO_DATA_FOUND
This exception is raised if you call the getContentInLob( ) method when working with temporary LOBs for looping read operations that reach the end of the LOB, and there are no more bytes to be read from the LOB. (There is no ORD<object-type>Exceptions prefix to this exception because it is a predefined PL/SQL exception.)
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.
Format
getContentLength(ctx IN OUT RAW) RETURN INTEGER;
Description
Returns the length of the data content stored in the source. For a file source and for data in the localData attribute, the length is returned as a number of bytes. The unit type of the returned value is defined by the plug-in that implements this method.
Parameters
The source plug-in context information.
Usage Notes
Calling this method uses the ORDPLUGINS.ORDX_<srcType>_SOURCE plug-in package.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_INFORMATION
This exception is raised if you call the getContentLength( ) method and the value of the srcType attribute is NULL.
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.
Format
getLocalContent( ) RETURN BLOB;
Description
Returns the content or BLOB handle of the localData attribute.
Parameters
None.
Usage Notes
None.
Pragmas
PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES(getLocalContent, WNDS, WNPS, RNDS, RNPS)
Exceptions
None.
Examples
None.
Format
getSourceAddress(ctx IN OUT RAW,
userData IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2;
Description
Returns the source address for data located in an external data source. This method is implemented only for user-defined sources.
Parameters
The source plug-in context information.
User input needed by some sources to obtain the desired source address.
Usage Notes
Use this method to return the address of an external data source when the source must format this information in some unique way. For example, call the getSourceAddress( ) method to obtain the address for RealNetworks server sources or URLs containing data sources located on Oracle Fusion Middleware.
Calling this method uses the ORDPLUGINS.ORDX_<srcType>_SOURCE plug-in package.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_INFORMATION
This exception is raised if you call the getSourceAddress( ) method and the value of the srcType attribute is NULL.
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.
Format
getSourceInformation( ) RETURN VARCHAR2;
Description
Returns a URL formatted string containing complete information about the external data source.
Parameters
None.
Usage Notes
This method returns a VARCHAR2 string formatted as: <srcType>://<srcLocation>/<srcName>, where srcType, srcLocation, and srcName are the ORDSource attribute values.
Pragmas
PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES(getSourceInformation, WNDS, WNPS, RNDS, RNPS)
Exceptions
None.
Examples
None.
Format
getSourceLocation( ) RETURN VARCHAR2;
Description
Returns the external data source location.
Parameters
None.
Usage Notes
This method returns the current value of the srcLocation attribute, for example BFILEDIR.
Pragmas
PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES(getSourceLocation, WNDS, WNPS, RNDS, RNPS)
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_INFORMATION
This exception is raised if you call the getSourceLocation( ) method and the value of the srcType attribute is NULL.
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_LOCATION
This exception is raised if you call the getSourceLocation( ) method and the value of the srcLocation attribute is NULL.
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.
Format
getSourceName( ) RETURN VARCHAR2;
Description
Returns the external data source name.
Parameters
None.
Usage Notes
This method returns the current value of the srcName attribute, for example testaud.dat.
Pragmas
PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES(getSourceName, WNDS, WNPS, RNDS, RNPS)
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_INFORMATION
This exception is raised if you call the getSourceName( ) method and the value of the srcType attribute is NULL.
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_NAME
This exception is raised if you call the getSourceName( ) method and the value of the srcName attribute is NULL.
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.
Format
getSourceType( ) RETURN VARCHAR2;
Description
Returns the external data source type.
Parameters
None.
Usage Notes
This method returns the current value of the srcType attribute, for example "file".
Pragmas
PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES(getSourceType, WNDS, WNPS, RNDS, RNPS)
Exceptions
None.
Examples
None.
Format
getUpdateTime( ) RETURN DATE;
Description
Returns the time stamp of when the object was last changed, or what the user explicitly set by calling the setUpdateTime( ) method. (This method returns the value of the updateTime attribute.)
Parameters
None.
Usage Notes
None.
Pragmas
PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES(getUpdateTime, WNDS, WNPS, RNDS, RNPS)
Exceptions
None.
Examples
None.
Format
import(ctx IN OUT RAW,
mimeType OUT VARCHAR2,
format OUT VARCHAR2);
Description
Transfers data from an external data source (specified by first calling setSourceInformation( )) to the localData attribute within the database.
Parameters
The source plug-in context information.This information is passed along uninterpreted to the source plug-in handling the import( ) call.
The output parameter to receive the MIME type of the data, if any, for example, audio/basic.
The output parameter to receive the format of the data, if any, for example, AUFF.
Usage Notes
Call setSourceInformation( ) to set the srcType, srcLocation, and srcName attribute values to describe where the data source is located before calling the import( ) method.
Calling this method uses the ORDPLUGINS.ORDX_<srcType>_SOURCE plug-in package.
This method uses the PL/SQL UTL_HTTP package to import media data from an HTTP data source. You can use environment variables to specify the proxy behavior of the UTL_HTTP package. For example, on Linux and UNIX, setting the environment variable http_proxy to a URL specifies that the UTL_HTTP package must use that URL as the proxy server for HTTP requests. Setting the no_proxy environment variable to a domain name specifies that the HTTP proxy server not be used for URLs in the specified domain.
See Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference for more information about the UTL_HTTP PL/SQL package.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_INFORMATION
This exception is raised if you call the import( ) method and the value of the srcType attribute is NULL.
ORDSourceExceptions.METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED
This exception is raised if you call the import( ) method and this method is not supported by the source plug-in being used.
ORDSourceExceptions.NULL_SOURCE
This exception is raised if you call the import( ) method and the value of the localData attribute is NULL.
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.
Format
importFrom(ctx IN OUT RAW,
mimeType OUT VARCHAR2,
format OUT VARCHAR2
source_type IN VARCHAR2,
source_location IN VARCHAR2,
source_name IN VARCHAR2);
Description
Transfers data from the specified external data source (type, location, name) to a the localData attribute within the database, and resets the source attributes and the timestamp.
Parameters
The source plug-in context information. This information is passed along uninterpreted to the source plug-in handling the importFrom( ) call.
The output parameter to receive the MIME type of the data, if any, for example, audio/basic.
The output parameter to receive the format of the data, if any, for example, AUFF.
The type of the source data to be imported. This also sets the srcType attribute.
The location from which the source data is to be imported. This also sets the srcLocation attribute.
The name of the source data to be imported. This also sets the srcName attribute.
Usage Notes
This method describes where the data source is located by specifying values for the type, location, and name parameters, which set the srcType, srcLocation, and srcName attribute values, respectively, after the importFrom( ) operation succeeds.
This method is a combination of a setSourceInformation( ) call followed by an import( ) call.
Calling this method uses the ORDPLUGINS.ORDX_<srcType>_SOURCE plug-in package.
This method uses the PL/SQL UTL_HTTP package to import media data from an HTTP data source. You can use environment variables to specify the proxy behavior of the UTL_HTTP package. For example, on Linux and UNIX, setting the environment variable http_proxy to a URL specifies that the UTL_HTTP package must use that URL as the proxy server for HTTP requests. Setting the no_proxy environment variable to a domain name specifies that the HTTP proxy server not be used for URLs in the specified domain.
See Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference for more information about the UTL_HTTP PL/SQL package.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED
This exception is raised if you call the importFrom( ) method and this method is not supported by the source plug-in being used.
ORDSourceExceptions.NULL_SOURCE
This exception is raised if you call the importFrom( ) method and the value of the localData attribute is NULL.
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.
Format
isLocal( ) RETURN BOOLEAN;
Description
Returns TRUE if the data is stored as a BLOB locally in the localData attribute or FALSE if the data is stored externally.
Parameters
None.
Usage Notes
If the local attribute is set to 1 or NULL, this method returns TRUE; otherwise this method returns FALSE.
Pragmas
PRAGMA RESTRICT_REFERENCES(isLocal, WNDS, WNPS, RNDS, RNPS)
Exceptions
None.
Examples
None.
Format
open(userArg IN RAW, ctx OUT RAW) RETURN INTEGER;
Description
Opens a data source. It is recommended that this method be called before invoking any other methods that accept the ctx parameter.
Parameters
The user-defined input parameter.
The source plug-in context information.
Usage Notes
Calling this method uses the ORDPLUGINS.ORDX_<srcType>_SOURCE plug-in package.
The return INTEGER is 0 (zero) for success and greater than 0 (for example, 1) for failure. The exact number and the meaning for that number is plug-in defined. For example, for the file plug-in, 1 might mean "File not found," 2 might mean "No such directory," and so on.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_INFORMATION
This exception is raised if you call the open( ) method and the value for the srcType attribute is NULL.
ORDSourceExceptions.METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED
This exception is raised if you call the open( ) method and this method is not supported by the source plug-in being used.
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.
Format
processCommand(ctx IN OUT RAW,
command IN VARCHAR2,
arglist IN VARCHAR2,
result OUT RAW)
RETURN RAW;
Description
Lets you send commands and related arguments to the source plug-in. This method is supported only for user-defined sources.
Parameters
The source plug-in context information.
Any command recognized by the source plug-in.
The arguments for the command.
The result of calling this method returned by the plug-in.
Usage Notes
Use this method to send any commands and their respective arguments to the plug-in. Commands are not interpreted; they are taken and passed through to be processed.
Calling this method uses the ORDPLUGINS.ORDX_<srcType>_SOURCE plug-in package.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_INFORMATION
This exception is raised if you call the processCommand( ) method and the value of the srcType attribute is NULL.
ORDSourceExceptions.METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED
This exception is raised if you call the processCommand( ) method and this method is not supported by the source plug-in being used.
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.
Format
read(ctx IN OUT RAW,
startPos IN INTEGER,
numBytes IN OUT INTEGER,
buffer OUT RAW);
Description
Lets you read a buffer of numBytes from a source beginning at a start position (startPos).
Parameters
The source plug-in context information.
The start position in the data source.
The number of bytes to be read from the data source.
The buffer to where the data is to be read.
Usage Notes
This method is not supported for HTTP sources.
To successfully read HTTP source types, the entire URL source must be requested to be read. To implement a read method for an HTTP source type, you must provide your own implementation for this method in the modified source plug-in for the HTTP source type.
Calling this method uses the ORDPLUGINS.ORDX_<srcType>_SOURCE plug-in package.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_INFORMATION
This exception is raised if you call the read( ) method and the value of the srcType attribute is NULL.
ORDSourceExceptions.METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED
This exception is raised if you call the read( ) method and this method is not supported by the source plug-in being used.
ORDSourceExceptions.NULL_SOURCE
This exception is raised if you call the read( ) method and the value of the local attribute is 1 or NULL, but the value of the localData attribute is NULL.
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.
Format
setLocal( );
Description
Sets the local attribute to indicate that the BLOB data is stored in the localData attribute within the database.
Parameters
None.
Usage Notes
This method sets the local attribute to 1, meaning the data is stored locally in the localData attribute.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
None.
Examples
None.
Format
setSourceInformation(source_type IN VARCHAR2,
source_location IN VARCHAR2,
source_name IN VARCHAR2);
Description
Sets the provided subcomponent information for the srcType, srcLocation, and srcName attributes that describes the external data source.
Parameters
The type of the external source data. See ORDSource Object Type for more information.
The location of the external source data. See ORDSource Object Type for more information.
The name of the external source data. See ORDSource Object Type for more information.
Usage Notes
Before you call the import( ) method, you must call the setSourceInformation( ) method to set the srcType, srcLocation, and srcName attribute information to describe where the data source is located. If you call the importFrom( ) or the export( ) method, then these attributes are set after the importFrom( ) or export( ) call succeeds.
You must ensure that the directory indicated by the source_location parameter exists or is created before you use this method.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_INFORMATION
This exception is raised if you call the setSourceInformation( ) method and the value for the source_type parameter is NULL.
See Appendix G for more information about this exception.
Examples
None.
Format
setUpdateTime(current_time DATE);
Description
Sets the value of the updateTime attribute to the time you specify.
Parameters
The update time.
Usage Notes
If current_time is NULL, updateTime is set to SYSDATE (the current time).
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
None.
Examples
None.
Format
trim(ctx IN OUT RAW,
newlen IN INTEGER) RETURN INTEGER;
Description
Trims a data source.
Parameters
The source plug-in context information.
The trimmed new length.
Usage Notes
Calling this method uses the ORDPLUGINS.ORDX_<srcType>_SOURCE plug-in package.
The return INTEGER is 0 (zero) for success and greater than 0 (for example, 1) for failure. The exact number and the meaning for that number is plug-in defined. For example, for the file plug-in, 1 might mean "File not found," 2 might mean "No such directory," and so on.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_INFORMATION
This exception is raised if you call the trim( ) method and the value for the srcType attribute is NULL.
ORDSourceExceptions.METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED
This exception is raised if you call the trim( ) method and this method is not supported by the source plug-in being used.
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.
Format
write(ctx IN OUT RAW,
startPos IN INTEGER,
numBytes IN OUT INTEGER,
buffer IN RAW);
Description
Lets you write a buffer of numBytes to a source beginning at a start position (startPos).
Parameters
The source plug-in context information.
The start position in the source to where the buffer is to be copied.
The number of bytes to be written to the source.
The buffer of data to be written.
Usage Notes
This method assumes that the source lets you write numBytes at a random byte location. For example, the file and HTTP source types cannot be written to and do not support this method.
Calling this method uses the ORDPLUGINS.ORDX_<srcType>_SOURCE plug-in package.
Pragmas
None.
Exceptions
ORDSourceExceptions.INCOMPLETE_SOURCE_INFORMATION
This exception is raised if you call the write( ) method and the value of the srcType attribute is NULL.
ORDSourceExceptions.METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED
This exception is raised if you call the write( ) method and this method is not supported by the source plug-in being used.
ORDSourceExceptions.NULL_SOURCE
This exception is raised if you call the read( ) method and the value of the local attribute is 1 or NULL, but the value of the localData attribute is NULL.
See Appendix G for more information about these exceptions.
Examples
None.