8 DICOM Sample Application

8.2.1 Logging In to the DICOM Image Archive Interface

Before you can begin to work on any of the user tasks, you must log in to the DICOM Image Archive interface and identify your role as a clinician or researcher.

Logging In as a Clinician

Follow these steps to log in as a clinician:

1. In the Login As field, select Clinician.

   Figure 8-1 shows the login page for a user with the role of clinician selected.

   Figure 8-1 Login Page for Clinicians and Researchers

   
   Description of "Figure 8-1 Login Page for Clinicians and Researchers"
   
   

2. Enter your user name in the User Name field.

3. Enter your password in the Password field.

4. Click Login.

   The DICOM Image Archive Home page appears. This Home page includes a search area, a Thumbnails area, a Tasks area, and an Image Summary area. The following four figures show each area on the Home page.

   Figure 8-2 shows the text input fields in the search area. The search area also includes a Reset button and a Search button, to the right of the text input fields.

   Figure 8-2 Search Area on the DICOM Image Archive Home Page

   
   Description of "Figure 8-2 Search Area on the DICOM Image Archive Home Page"
   
   

   After logging in successfully (as a clinician or a researcher), the text input fields in the search area enable you to access various search capabilities and find specific DICOM images that are shipped with this sample application.

   Figure 8-3 shows the Thumbnails area, which contains six thumbnail images representing the DICOM images that are installed with the sample application.

   Figure 8-3 Thumbnails Area on the DICOM Image Archive Home Page

   
   Description of "Figure 8-3 Thumbnails Area on the DICOM Image Archive Home Page"
   
   

   Figure 8-4 shows the Tasks area, with the default text in the selection field. The Tasks area also includes a Start button, to the right of the selection field.

   Figure 8-4 Tasks Area on the DICOM Image Archive Home Page

   
   Description of "Figure 8-4 Tasks Area on the DICOM Image Archive Home Page"
   
   

To view all the designated user tasks for the clinician role, scroll through the items in the Tasks list on this Home page. (See Table 8-1 for the list of clinician tasks.)

You can rest the mouse on each thumbnail image to view the metadata summary for that installed DICOM image. Figure 8-5 shows the Image Summary area, with a list of fields containing the metadata summary for DICOM image 1 (Image Summary: 1).

Figure 8-5 Image Summary Area on the DICOM Image Archive Home Page

Description of "Figure 8-5 Image Summary Area on the DICOM Image Archive Home Page"

The metadata summary shows only a subset of the metadata for a selected image in the archive. Complete definitions of the metadata for each image are contained in the ORDDicom object in XML format. You can click each thumbnail image to view this XML metadata, and to view the full-size version of the DICOM image in JPEG format.

Logging In as a Researcher

Logging in as a researcher is similar to logging in as a clinician. Follow the same set of steps, with this exception: in Step 1, select Researcher in the Login As field.

To view all the designated user tasks for the researcher role, scroll through the items in the Tasks list on the DICOM Image Archive Home page for researchers. (See Table 8-1 for the list of researcher tasks.)

8.2.2 Searching for Specific DICOM Images

The DICOM sample application comes with a set of DICOM images. Clinicians and researchers can perform several kinds of searches for these images using text (such as patient name and anatomic region information), which is contained in the XML metadata. You can use attributes, keywords, or semantic data to search on the metadata and find these DICOM images (see Table 8-3).

The following text input fields are included in the search area on the DICOM Image Archive Home page, as shown in Figure 8-2:

• Keyword

• Semantic

• Modality

• Patient Name

• DOB

• Accession #

• Ref. Physician

• Study Date

The search area also includes a Search button, which you click to begin each search, and a Reset button, which you can click to restore the search area back to the full archive of images.

The search area is the same for clinicians and researchers. In this section, the search examples were performed as a clinician.

8.2.2.1 Attribute Searches

Attribute searches enable searching for DICOM images using XPath queries on the DICOM metadata, thus limiting the search to specific attributes in the DICOM metadata. These searches require a match between the text you enter in one or more DICOM attribute fields and the text contained in only those attributes in the DICOM metadata, regardless of case.

The DICOM sample application enables you to search for DICOM images using these DICOM attributes:

• Modality

• Patient Name

• DOB

• Accession #

• Ref. Physician

• Study Date

For example, to search for the DICOM image that contains the patient name CANCIO using an attribute search, enter CANCIO in the Patient Name field on the DICOM Image Archive Home page. Then, press Return or click Search.

The attribute search returns the matching image (numbered 1) of the lungs for the patient named CANCIO, as shown in the Thumbnails area in Figure 8-6.

Figure 8-6 Thumbnail Image Result for an Attribute Search

Description of "Figure 8-6 Thumbnail Image Result for an Attribute Search"

Rest the mouse on thumbnail image 1 to view the Image Summary for DICOM image 1 for the patient named CANCIO (Image Summary 1: in Figure 8-5), as follows:

• Patient Name: CANCIO 2HR A-02-013

• DOB:

• Patient Sex:

• Study Date: 2004-02-23

• Study Time: 18:48:41.000000

• Study Description:

• Referring Physician:

• Modality: CT

• Anatomic Region:

• Body Part Examined:

• Image Row: 512

• Image Column: 512

• Bit Depth: 16

• Number of Frames:

• Accession #: 352

• Transfer Syntax UID: 1.2.840.10008.1.2

• Data Size: 525974

Click thumbnail image 1 to view the full-size version, or to view the XML metadata for DICOM image 1.

The metadata for the patient's name is defined in the <PERSON_NAME> tag, as shown in this code segment from the XML metadata for DICOM image 1:

<PERSON_NAME tag="00100010" definer="DICOM" name="Patient&apos;s Name" offset="710" length="22">
    <NAME type="unibyte">
      <FAMILY>CANCIO   2HR A-02-013</FAMILY>
    </NAME>
    <VALUE>CANCIO   2HR A-02-013</VALUE>
  </PERSON_NAME>

8.2.2.2 Keyword Searches

Keyword searches enable searching for DICOM images using keywords. These searches require a match between the text you enter in the Keyword field and the text contained in any attribute of the DICOM metadata, regardless of case.

For example, to search for dental images in the archive, enter the term jaw in the Keyword field on the DICOM Image Archive Home page. Then, press Return or click Search. This search finds images with the term jaw in any attribute of the DICOM metadata.

The keyword search on the term jaw returns one matching image (numbered 6), as shown in the Thumbnails area in Figure 8-7.

Figure 8-7 Thumbnail Image Result for a Keyword Search

Description of "Figure 8-7 Thumbnail Image Result for a Keyword Search"

To view the metadata summary for DICOM image 6, as shown in Figure 8-8, rest the mouse on thumbnail image 6.

Figure 8-8 Image Summary Result for a Keyword Search

Description of "Figure 8-8 Image Summary Result for a Keyword Search"

A single image is returned as a match because it is the only DICOM image in the archive that contains text with the term jaw in the DICOM metadata, as shown in the Body Part Examined: field in the Image Summary area in Figure 8-8.

Click thumbnail image 6 to view the full-size version, or to view the XML metadata for DICOM image 6.

8.2.2.3 Semantic Searches

Semantic searches enable searching for DICOM images based on semantic relationships, which are loaded into the database during the installation of the sample application. These searches require a semantically related match between the text you enter in the Semantic field and the text contained in any attribute of the DICOM metadata.

Note:

Oracle Spatial must be installed before you attempt to perform a semantic search. See Oracle Database Semantic Technologies Developer's Guide for more information about this feature.

Using the example from the keyword search for dental images, enter the term jaw in the Semantic field on the DICOM Image Archive Home page. Then, press Return or click Search. The semantic search returns several matches, as shown in Figure 8-9.

Figure 8-9 Thumbnail Image Results for a Semantic Search

Description of "Figure 8-9 Thumbnail Image Results for a Semantic Search"

Three thumbnail images are returned as matches because these three DICOM images in the archive contain metadata in the Anatomic Region attribute that is semantically related to the term jaw.

To view the metadata summary for a matching image, rest the mouse on its thumbnail image. For example, Figure 8-10 shows the metadata summary for DICOM image 2.

Figure 8-10 Image Summary Result for a Semantic Search

Description of "Figure 8-10 Image Summary Result for a Semantic Search"

For DICOM image 2, the metadata summary does not include the term jaw. However, the semantically related term Mandible is defined in the Anatomic Region Sequence section of the XML metadata for DICOM image 2. This metadata definition is highlighted in bold in the following code segment.

<SEQUENCE tag="00082218" definer="DICOM" name="Anatomic Region Sequence" offset="654" length="68">
      <ITEM>
         <SHORT_STRING tag="00080100" definer="DICOM" name="Code Value" offset="670" 
           length="8">T-11180</SHORT_STRING>
         <SHORT_STRING tag="00080102" definer="DICOM" name="Coding Scheme Designator" offset="686"
           length="4">SNM3</SHORT_STRING>
         <LONG_STRING tag="00080104" definer="DICOM" name="Code Meaning" offset="698" 
           length="8">Mandible</LONG_STRING>
      </ITEM>
   </SEQUENCE>
   <SEQUENCE tag="00082228" definer="DICOM" name="Primary Anatomic Structure Sequence" offset="734"
     length="176">
      <ITEM>
         <SHORT_STRING tag="00080100" definer="DICOM" name="Code Value" offset="750" 
           length="8">T-54380</SHORT_STRING>
         <SHORT_STRING tag="00080102" definer="DICOM" name="Coding Scheme Designator" offset="766"
           length="4">SNM3</SHORT_STRING>
         <LONG_STRING tag="00080104" definer="DICOM" name="Code Meaning" offset="778" 
           length="34">Mandibular left second molar tooth</LONG_STRING>
      </ITEM>
      <ITEM>
         <SHORT_STRING tag="00080100" definer="DICOM" name="Code Value" offset="828" 
           length="8">T-54400</SHORT_STRING>
         <SHORT_STRING tag="00080102" definer="DICOM" name="Coding Scheme Designator" offset="844"
           length="4">SNM3</SHORT_STRING>
         <LONG_STRING tag="00080104" definer="DICOM" name="Code Meaning" offset="856" 
           length="38">Mandibular left second premolar tooth</LONG_STRING>
      </ITEM>
   </SEQUENCE>

For DICOM image 3, the following XML code segment shows the term Maxilla and mandible in the metadata (highlighted in bold), which is semantically related to the term jaw. (Similar to DICOM image 2, the metadata summary for DICOM image 3 does not include the term jaw.)

<SEQUENCE tag="00082218" definer="DICOM" name="Anatomic Region Sequence" offset="642" length="80">
      <ITEM>
         <SHORT_STRING tag="00080100" definer="DICOM" name="Code Value" offset="658" 
           length="8">T-D1217</SHORT_STRING>
         <SHORT_STRING tag="00080102" definer="DICOM" name="Coding Scheme Designator" offset="674"
           length="4">SNM3</SHORT_STRING>
         <LONG_STRING tag="00080104" definer="DICOM" name="Code Meaning" offset="686" 
           length="20">Maxilla and mandible</LONG_STRING>
      </ITEM>
   </SEQUENCE>

8.2.3 Importing DICOM Images as a Clinician

A common task that clinicians can perform is adding DICOM images to an archive of medical images. You can add your own DICOM images to the installed archive for the Oracle Multimedia DICOM Image Archive Demonstration.

For example, to import one or more of these images into the main archive of the DICOM sample application, follow these steps:

1. On the DICOM Image Archive Home page, select Add DICOM image to the archive from the Tasks list. Then, click Start to display the Import DICOM Images page shown in Figure 8-11.

   Figure 8-11 Import DICOM Images Page

   
   Description of "Figure 8-11 Import DICOM Images Page"
   
   

2. On the Import DICOM Images page, click Browse in the DICOM Image File 1: field to locate the first image to import. For this example, select dental image PLANMECA3.dcm.

   If this is the only image you want to import, click Import to upload it to the archive. Figure 8-12 shows the changes in some relevant areas on the DICOM Image Archive Home page, after importing dental image PLANMECA3.dcm.

   Figure 8-12 Importing an Image as a Clinician

   
   Description of "Figure 8-12 Importing an Image as a Clinician"
   
   

   In this example, the message "1 DICOM images are imported." appears at the top of the Home page, and thumbnail image 31 is added to the archive.

   Note:

   For each image you add to the archive, a thumbnail image appears with the next higher number in the sequence.

3. Rest the mouse on thumbnail image 31 to view the metadata summary. Or, click thumbnail image 31 to display the full-size image and the XML metadata for DICOM image PLANMECA3.dcm.

4. Use the remaining fields on the Import DICOM Images page (see Figure 8-11) to import additional images (up to five at a time), and then click Import. Or, click Cancel to terminate the operation or Reset to restore the archive to its previous state.

8.2.4 Processing DICOM Images as a Researcher

As a researcher, you can perform several processing operations on DICOM images in the archive, including scaling, rotating, and cropping. This example shows how to rotate an image of the lungs to better examine a specific region for further study.

For example, to process a DICOM image in the main archive of the DICOM sample application, follow these steps:

1. On the DICOM Image Archive Home page, select the thumbnail image of the lungs, which has been made anonymous. Then, select Process (Rotate/Scale/Crop) the selected DICOM images from the Tasks list. And, click Start to display the Process DICOM Images page shown in Figure 8-13.

   Figure 8-13 Process DICOM Images Page

   
   Description of "Figure 8-13 Process DICOM Images Page"
   
   

2. On the Process DICOM Images page, select the processing operations you want to perform. For this example, in the Rotate area, select Rotate counterclockwise in the Operator: field, and enter 180 in the Degree: field. Then, click Process. Or, click Cancel to terminate the operation or Reset to restore the selected image to its previous state.

   When you click Process, the DICOM Image Archive Home page displays the processed image, as shown in Figure 8-14.

   Figure 8-14 Processing an Image as a Researcher

   
   Description of "Figure 8-14 Processing an Image as a Researcher"
   
   

   In this example, the message "Processing DICOM image succeeded." appears at the top of the Home page, and the processed image (thumbnail image 9, a rotated view of the lungs) appears in the archive.

3. Rest the mouse on thumbnail image 9 to view the anonymous metadata summary. Or, click thumbnail image 9 to display the full-size image and the XML metadata for DICOM image 9.

4. Use the remaining fields on the Process DICOM Images page (see Figure 8-13) to perform other processing operations on selected images, and then click Process. Or, click Cancel to terminate the operation or Reset to restore the archive to its previous state.

8.2.5 Logging In to the DICOM Image Archive Administration Interface

Before you can begin to work on any of the administrator tasks, you must log in to the DICOM Image Archive Administration interface.

Figure 8-15 shows the login page for an administrator.

Figure 8-15 Login Page for Administrators

Description of "Figure 8-15 Login Page for Administrators"

Follow these steps to log in:

1. Enter your user name in the User Name field.

2. Enter your password in the Password field.

3. Click Login.

   The DICOM Image Archive Administration Admin Home page appears, as shown in Figure 8-16.

   Figure 8-16 Administrator Home Page

   
   Description of "Figure 8-16 Administrator Home Page"
   
   

   The list of configuration documents included with the Oracle Multimedia DICOM Image Archive Demonstration is shown in the table on the DICOM Image Archive Administration Admin Home page. In the last column, a 1 indicates the Oracle-defined and installed configuration documents, while a 0 indicates the user-defined configuration documents.

As an administrator, you can export, insert, or delete documents in the DICOM repository (see Table 8-2).

8.2.6 Inserting Configuration Documents

A common task that administrators can perform is inserting user-defined configuration documents into the DICOM repository. The installation software for the Oracle Multimedia DICOM Image Archive Demonstration includes a few DICOM configuration documents that you can export from and insert into the installed repository. To insert one or more user-defined configuration documents into the DICOM repository of the DICOM sample application, follow these steps:

1. On the DICOM Image Archive Administration Admin Home page, select Add. The Add Repository Documents page appears, with the following message:

   Select the inserting document category:

2. In the Document Category field, from the -Select Category- list, select CONSTRAINT. Then, click Add. Or, click Cancel to terminate the operation.

   If you click Add, the Add Repository Documents page reappears with the inserting document category indicated. The Browse to select the document files: region includes a list of input fields (Document file 1:, Document file 2:, and Document file 3:).

3. In the Document file 1: field, click Browse... to locate the first user-defined constraint document you want to insert into the repository. For this example, select the sample constraint file pct_1.xml.

   If this is the only constraint document to be inserted into the repository, click Add. Otherwise, use the remaining Document file fields to insert additional constraint documents, and then click Add.

   Optionally, you can select another type of configuration document in the Document Category field. Then, click Browse... to locate those files, and repeat these steps until all the documents have been inserted into the repository.

   When a document has been inserted successfully, a message appears on the Add Repository Documents page, which indicates the number and type of configuration documents that you inserted into the repository, as shown in Figure 8-17.

   Figure 8-17 Add Repository Documents Page

   
   Description of "Figure 8-17 Add Repository Documents Page"
   
   

   In this example, the message indicates that you inserted one constraint document.

   When you are finished inserting documents into the respository, click Back to return to the updated DICOM Image Archive Administration Admin Home page, as shown in Figure 8-18.

   Figure 8-18 Administrator Home Page with a New Constraint Document

   
   Description of "Figure 8-18 Administrator Home Page with a New Constraint Document"
   
   

   The constraint document you inserted into the repository appears in a new row at the bottom of the table, which is highlighted in this figure. The new table row shows the name of the document (pct_1.xml), the type of document (CONSTRAINT), the creation date (29-MAY-09), and 0 in the Installed By Oracle column. The 0 indicates that the document is user-defined.

4. To continue inserting other types of configuration documents into the repository from the Add Repository Documents page, select another type of document in the Document Category field, repeating the process described in Steps 2 and 3. Or, begin the process from Step 1 on the DICOM Image Archive Administration Admin Home page (See Figure 8-16).

   When the entire process is complete, the documents you inserted into the repository appear at the bottom of the table on the DICOM Image Archive Administration Admin Home page. The new table row for each new document shows the name of the document, type of document, creation date, and a 0 in the Installed By Oracle column to indicate that the document is user-defined (see Figure 8-18).