Skip Headers
Oracle® OLAP DML Reference
11g Release 2 (11.2)

Part Number E12197-01
Go to Documentation Home
Home
Go to Book List
Book List
Go to Table of Contents
Contents
Go to Index
Index
Go to Master Index
Master Index
Go to Feedback page
Contact Us

Go to previous page
Previous
Go to next page
Next
View PDF

A OLAP_TABLE SQL Functions

This appendix contains reference documentation for the following SQL functions that you can use to extract multidimensional data from an analytic workspace and present it in the two-dimensional format of a relational table:

Creating Relational Views Using OLAP_TABLE

OLAP_TABLE is a SQL function that returns a table of objects that can be joined to relational tables and views, and to other tables of objects populated by OLAP_TABLE. Within a SQL statement, you can specify an OLAP_TABLE function call wherever you would provide the name of a table or view

OLAP_TABLE uses a limit map to map dimensions and measures defined in an analytic workspace to columns in a logical table. The limit map combines with the WHERE clause of a SQL SELECT statement to generate a series of OLAP DML LIMIT commands that are executed in the analytic workspace.

OLAP_TABLE can use a limit map with a predefined logical table, or it can use the information in a limit map to dynamically generate a logical table at run time.

Required OLAP DML Objects

Several objects must be predefined within the analytic workspace to support the mapping of dimension hierarchies in the limit map:

  • a parent relation, which identifies the parent of each dimension member within a hierarchy. See "Parentrel Relation" for more information.

  • a hierarchy dimension, which lists the hierarchies of a dimension. See "Hierlist Dimension" for more information.

  • an inhierarchy variable or valueset, which specifies which dimension members belong to each level of a hierarchy. See "Inhier Valueset or Variable" for more information.

  • a grouping ID variable, which identifies the depth within a hierarchy of each dimension member. See "Gidrel Relation" for more information.

  • a family relation, which provides the full parentage of each dimension member in a hierarchy. See "Familyrel Relation" for more information.

  • a level dimension, which lists the levels of a dimension. See "Levellist Dimension" for more information.

Creating Logical Tables for Use by OLAP_TABLE

The logical table populated by OLAP_TABLE is actually a table type whose rows are user-defined object types, also known as Abstract Data Types or ADTs.

A user-defined object type is composed of attributes, which are equivalent to the columns of a table. The basic syntax for defining a row is as follows.

CREATE TYPE object_name AS OBJECT (
   attribute1      datatype,
   attribute2      datatype,
   attributen      datatype);

A table type is a collection of object types; this collection is equivalent to the rows of a table. The basic syntax for creating a table type is as follows.

CREATE TYPE table_name AS TABLE OF object_name;

OLAP_TABLE can use a limit map with a predefined logical table, or it can use the information in a limit map to dynamically generate a logical table at run time.

Using OLAP_TABLE With Predefined ADTs

You can predefine the table of objects or generate it dynamically. When you create the table type in advance, it is available in the database for use by any invocation of OLAP_TABLE. Queries that use predefined objects typically perform better than queries that dynamically generate the objects.

Example A-1, "Template for Creating a View Using Predefined ADTs" shows how to create a view of an analytic workspace using predefined ADTs.

Example A-1 Template for Creating a View Using Predefined ADTs

SET ECHO ON
SET SERVEROUT ON

DROP TYPE table_obj;
DROP TYPE row_obj;

CREATE TYPE row_obj AS OBJECT (
            column_first     datatype,
            column_next      datatype,
            column_n         datatype);
/   
CREATE TYPE table_obj AS TABLE OF row_obj;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW view_name AS
   SELECT column_first, column_next, column_n
      FROM TABLE(OLAP_TABLE(
         'analytic_workspace', 
         'table_obj', 
         'olap_command',
         'limit_map'));
/
COMMIT;
/ 
GRANT SELECT ON view_name TO PUBLIC;        

Example A-2, "Sample View of the TIME Dimension Using Predefined ADTs" uses OLAP_TABLE with a predefined table type to create a relational view of the TIME dimension in an analytic workspace named MYAW in the MYAW_AW schema.

The first parameter in the OLAP_TABLE call is the name of the analytic workspace. The second is the name of the predefined table type. The fourth is the limit map that specifies how to map the workspace dimension to the columns of the predefined table type. The third parameter is not specified

Example A-2 Sample View of the TIME Dimension Using Predefined ADTs

CREATE TYPE time_cal_row AS OBJECT (
            time_id           varchar2(32),
            cal_short_label   varchar2(32),
            cal_end_date      date,
            cal_timespan      number(6));

CREATE TYPE time_cal_table AS TABLE OF time_cal_row;

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW time_cal_view AS
   SELECT time_id, cal_short_label, cal_end_date, cal_timespan
      FROM TABLE(OLAP_TABLE(
         'myaw_aw.myaw duration session',
         'time_cal_table',
          '',
         'DIMENSION time_id from time with
            HIERARCHY time_parentrel
               INHIERARCHY time_inhier
            ATTRIBUTE cal_short_label from time_short_description
            ATTRIBUTE cal_end_date    from time_end_date
            ATTRIBUTE cal_timespan    from time_time_span'));

Using OLAP_TABLE With Automatic ADTs

If you do not supply the name of a table type as an argument, OLAP_TABLE uses information in the limit map to generate the logical table automatically. In this case, the table type is only available at run time within the context of the calling SQL SELECT statement.

Example A-3, "Template for Creating a View Using Automatic ADTs" shows how to create a view of an analytic workspace using automatic ADTs.

Example A-3 Template for Creating a View Using Automatic ADTs

SET ECHO ON
SET SERVEROUT ON

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW view_name AS
   SELECT column_first, column_next, column_n
      FROM TABLE(OLAP_TABLE(
         'analytic_workspace',
         '', 
         'olap_command',
         'limit_map'));
/
COMMIT;
/ 
GRANT SELECT ON view_name TO PUBLIC;        

Example A-4, "View of the TIME Dimension Using Automatic ADTs" creates the same view produced by Example A-2, "Sample View of the TIME Dimension Using Predefined ADTs", but it automatically generates the ADTs instead of using a predefined table type. It uses AS clauses in the limit map to specify the data types of the target columns.

Example A-4 View of the TIME Dimension Using Automatic ADTs

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW time_cal_view AS
   SELECT time_id, cal_short_label, cal_end_date, cal_timespan
      FROM TABLE(OLAP_TABLE(
        'myaw_aw.myaw duration session',
        null,
        null,
        'DIMENSION time_id AS varchar2(32) FROM time WITH
           HIERARCHY time_parentrel
              INHIERARCHY time_inhier
           ATTRIBUTE cal_short_label AS VARCHAR2(32) from time_short_description
           ATTRIBUTE cal_end_date AS DATE            from time_end_date
           ATTRIBUTE cal_timespan AS NUMBER(6)       from time_time_span'));

When automatically generating ADTs, OLAP_TABLE uses default relational data types for the target columns unless you override them with AS clauses in the limit map. The default data type conversions used by OLAP_TABLE are described in Table A-1, "Default Data Type Conversions".

Adding Calculated Columns to the Relational View

OLAP_TABLE uses a limit map to present the multidimensional data from an analytic workspace in tabular form. The limit map specifies the columns of the logical table. You can add a calculated column to your relational view by specifying the OLAP_EXPRESSION function or a related Boolean, text, or date function in the select list of the query. When you specify one of these functions in the select list, OLAP_TABLE generates additional columns for the results of the function.

Before you use one of these expressions, you must specify a ROW2CELL clause in the limit map used by OLAP_TABLE to identifies the RAW column that OLAP_TABLE populates with information used by the OLAP single-row functions.

Using OLAP DML Expressions in SELECT FROM OLAP_TABLE Statements

You can use OLAP DML commands within your SELECT FROM OLAP_TABLE statements as described in:

Using OLAP DML Expressions as Single-Row Functions

SQL functions are typically single-row functions return a single result row for every row of a queried table or view. Oracle supports several predefined SQL single-row functions, for example COS, LOG, and ROUND which return numeric data, and UPPER and LOWER which return character data.

Within the context of a SELECT FROM OLAP_TABLE statement, there are four SQL functions that you can use to wrap OLAP DML functions in such a way that the OLAP DML function acts as a single-row function. There are four functions that the results of expressions of different OLAP DML data types: OLAP_EXPRESSION for Oracle OLAP numeric expressions, OLAP_EXPRESSION_BOOL for Oracle OLAP Boolean expressions, OLAP_EXPRESSION_DATE for Oracle OLAP datetime expressions, and OLAP_EXPRESSION_TEXT for Oracle OLAP text expressions. One argument of each of these SQL functions is an OLAP DML function.

You can specify the OLAP_EXPRESSION function and its variants in the same way you specify other Oracle single-row functions, notably in the select list, WHERE, and ORDER BY clauses.

Modifying an Analytic Workspace From Within a SELECT FROM OLAP_TABLE Statement

There are several mechanisms for modifying an analytic workspace on the fly during the execution of OLAP_TABLE.

You can use the OLAP_CONDITION SQL function modifies an analytic workspace within the context of a SELECT FROM OLAP_TABLE statement. You can specify OLAP_CONDITION like other Oracle functions, typically in the WHERE clause. Using the OLAP_CONDITION, you can set an option, execute a LIMIT command, execute an OLAP model or forecast, or run a program. The changes made to the workspace can be transitory or they can persist in your session upon completion of the query.

In addition to OLAP_CONDITION, you can use syntax supported by the OLAP_TABLE function itself: The PREDMLCMD and POSTDMLCMD clauses in the limit map, and the olap_command parameter. OLAP_CONDITION has the advantage of portability, since it is not embedded within OLAP_TABLE, and versatility, since it can be applied at different entry points.

OLAP_TABLE saves the status of dimensions in the limit map before executing the LIMIT commands that generate the result set for the query. After the data is fetched, OLAP_TABLE restores the status of the dimensions. You can specify a PREDMLCMD clause in the limit map to cause an OLAP DML command to execute before the dimension status is saved. Modifications resulting from the PREDMLCMD clause remain in the workspace after execution of OLAP_TABLE, unless reversed with a POSTDMLCMD clause. For more information, see limit_map.

The olap_command parameter of OLAP_TABLE specifies an OLAP DML command that executes immediately before the result set is fetched. In some circumstances, the olap_command parameter may contain an OLAP DML FETCH command, which itself manages the fetch. Limits set by the olap_command parameter are only in effect during the execution of OLAP_TABLE. For more information, see olap_command.


OLAP_TABLE

OLAP_TABLE is a SQL function that extracts multidimensional data from an analytic workspace and presents it in the two-dimensional format of a relational table.

The OLAP_TABLE function returns multidimensional data in an analytic workspace as a logical table.

The order in which OLAP_TABLE processes information specified in its input parameters is described in "Order of Processing in OLAP_TABLE".

OLAP_TABLE is the fundamental mechanism in the database for querying an analytic workspace. Within a SQL statement, you can specify an OLAP_TABLE function call wherever you would provide the name of a table or view.

OLAP_TABLE returns a table of objects that can be joined to relational tables and views, and to other tables of objects populated by OLAP_TABLE.

Note:

You cannot execute this function from within the OLAP Worksheet. You must execute if in a SQL tool such as SQL Worksheet.

Returns

A table type whose rows are objects (ADTs) that identify the selected workspace data. See "Creating Relational Views Using OLAP_TABLE".

Syntax

OLAP_TABLE(
        analytic_workspace    IN   VARCHAR2,
        table_object          IN   VARCHAR2,
        olap_command          IN   VARCHAR2,
        limit_map1            IN   VARCHAR2,
        limit_map2            IN   VARCHAR2,
              .
              .
              .
        limit_map8            IN   VARCHAR2)
     RETURN TYPE;

Parameters

analytic_workspace

Provides the name of the analytic workspace where the source data is stored. It also specifies how long the analytic workspace is attached to your OLAP session, which opens on your first call to OLAP_TABLE.

This parameter is always required by OLAP_TABLE.

The syntax of this parameter is:

'[owner.]aw_name DURATION QUERY | SESSION'

For example:

'olapuser.xademo DURATION SESSION'
  • owner

    Specify owner whenever you are creating views to be accessed by other users. Otherwise, you can omit the owner if you own the analytic workspace. It is required only when you are logged in under a different user name than the owner.

  • QUERY

    Attaches an analytic workspace for the duration of a single query. Use QUERY only when you must see updates to the analytic workspace made in other sessions.

  • SESSION

    Attaches an analytic workspace and keeps it attached after the query. It provides better performance than QUERY because it keeps the OLAP session open. This performance difference is significant when the function is called without either a table_object parameter or AS clauses in the limit map; in this case, the OLAP_TABLE function must determine the appropriate table definition. See "Using OLAP_TABLE With Automatic ADTs".

table_object

The name of a predefined table of objects, as described in "Using OLAP_TABLE With Predefined ADTs".

This parameter is optional. Omit this parameter when you are using automatic ADTs.

The syntax of this parameter is:

'table_name'

For example:

'product_dim_tbl'

When you specify the table_name parameter, the column data types for the returned data are predefined. In this case you cannot use AS clauses in the limit map.

When you omit the table_name parameter, the column data types for the returned data are generated at run time. You can either provide the target data types with AS clauses in the limit map, or you can use the default data types described in Table A-1, "Default Data Type Conversions". See "Using OLAP_TABLE With Automatic ADTs".

olap_command

A single OLAP DML command. To execute multiple commands, create a program in your analytic workspace and call the program in this parameter. The power and flexibility of this parameter comes from its ability to process virtually any data manipulation commands available in the OLAP DML.

The order in which OLAP_TABLE processes the olap_command parameter is specified in "Order of Processing in OLAP_TABLE".

The syntax of this parameter is:

'olap_command'

There are two distinct ways of using the olap_command parameter:

limit_map

Maps workspace objects to relational columns and identifies the role of each one. See "Creating Relational Views Using OLAP_TABLE".

The limit map can also specify special instructions to be executed by OLAP_TABLE. For example: It can cause an OLAP DML command to execute before or after the limit map is processed; it can specify a ROW2CELL column for the OLAP_CONDITION and OLAP_EXPRESSION functions. (See "OLAP_CONDITION" and "OLAP_EXPRESSION".)

The order in which OLAP_TABLE processes information in the limit map is specified in "Order of Processing in OLAP_TABLE".

The limit map parameter is generally a required parameter. It can only be omitted when you specify a FETCH command in the olap_command parameter. See the discussion of olap_command.

You can supply the entire text of the limit map as a parameter to OLAP_TABLE, or you can store all or part of the limit map in a text variable in the analytic workspace and reference it using ampersand substitution. For example, the following OLAP_TABLE query uses a limit map stored in a variable called limitmapvar in the MYAW analytic workspace of the MYAW_AW schema.

SELECT * FROM TABLE(OLAP_TABLE(
          'myaw_aw.myaw DURATION SESSION',
          '',
          '',
          '&(myaw_aw.myaw!limitmapvar)');

If you supply the limit map as text within the call to OLAP_TABLE, then it has a maximum length of 4000 characters, which is imposed by PL/SQL. If you store the limit map in the analytic workspace, then the limit map has no maximum length.

Note:

Several analytic workspace objects must be predefined within the workspace to support the mapping of dimension hierarchies in the limit map. For more information, see "Required OLAP DML Objects".

The syntax of the limit map has numerous clauses, primarily for defining dimension hierarchies. Pay close attention to the presence or absence of commas, since syntax errors prevents your limit map from being parsed.

'[MEASURE column [AS datatype] FROM {measure | AW_EXPR expression}]
           .
           .
 DIMENSION [column [AS datatype] FROM] dimension 
    [WITH
       [HIERARCHY [column [AS datatype] FROM] parent_relation
          [(hierarchy_dimension ''hierarchy_name'')]
          [INHIERARCHY inhierarchy_obj]
          [GID column [AS datatype] FROM gid_relation]
          [PARENTGID column [AS datatype] FROM gid_relation]
          [FAMILYREL column1 [AS datatype],  
                     column2 [AS datatype],
                      ... columnn [AS datatype]
                     FROM {expression1, expression2, ... expressionn | 
                           family_relation USING level_dimension }
                     [LABEL label_variable]]
          [HATTRIBUTE column [AS datatype] FROM hier_attribute_variable] 
           .
           .
       ]
       [ATTRIBUTE column [AS datatype] FROM attribute_variable]
           .
           .
    ]
 [ROW2CELL column] 
 [LOOP  loop-clause]
 [PREDMLCMD olap_command]
 [POSTDMLCMD olap_command]'

Where:

column is the name of a column in the target table.

datatype is the data type of column.

measure is a variable, formula, or relation in the analytic workspace.

expression is a formula or qualified data reference for objects in the analytic workspace.

dimension is a dimension in the analytic workspace.

parent_relation is a self-relation in the analytic workspace that defines the hierarchies for dimension. See "Parentrel Relation" for more information.

hierarchy_dimension is a dimension in the analytic workspace that contains the names of the hierarchies for dimension. See "Hierlist Dimension" for more information

hierarchy_name is a member of hierarchy_dimension.

inhierarchy_obj is a variable or valueset in the analytic workspace that identifies which dimension members are in each level of the hierarchy. See "Inhier Valueset or Variable" for more information

gid_relation is a relation in the analytic workspace that contains the grouping ID of each dimension member in the hierarchy. See "Gidrel Relation" for more information

family_relation is a self-relation that provides the full parentage of each dimension member in the hierarchy. See "Familyrel Relation" for more information

level_dimension is a dimension in the analytic workspace that contains the names of the levels for the hierarchy. See "Levellist Dimension" for more information

label_variable is a variable in the analytic workspace that contains descriptive text values for dimension.

hier_attribute_variable is a variable in the analytic workspace that contains attribute values for hierarchy_name.

attribute_variable is a variable in the analytic workspace that contains attribute values for dimension.

loop_clause specifies how Oracle OLAP determines how it loops through data values and what rows to create in the relational table. When you exclude a LOOP clause, Oracle OLAP loops through all of the data values that are identified by the dimensions in the DIMENSION clauses in the limit map

For the complete syntax of the LOOP clause see "LOOP Clause".

olap_command is an OLAP DML command.

Detailed syntax for each of the clauses of the limit-map parameter follows.

  • MEASURE Clause

    The MEASURE clause maps a variable, formula, or relation in the analytic workspace to a column in the target table. You can list any number of MEASURE clauses. This clause is optional when, for example, you want to create a dimension view.

    The AS subclause specifies the data type of the target column. You can specify an AS subclause when the table of objects has not been predefined. See "Using OLAP_TABLE With Automatic ADTs".

    In the FROM subclause, you can either specify the name of a variable, formula, or relation or an OLAP expression that evaluates to one of these objects. For example:

    AW_EXPR analytic_cube_sales - analytic_cube_cost
    or
    AW_EXPR LOGDIF(analytic_cube_sales, 1, time, LEVELREL time.lvlrel)
    
  • DIMENSION Clause

    The DIMENSION clause identifies a dimension or conjoint in the analytic workspace that dimensions one or more measures or attributes, or provides the dimension members for one or more hierarchies in the limit map.

    The column subclause is optional when you do not want the dimension members themselves to be represented in the table. In this case, include a dimension attribute that can be used for data selection.

    For a description of the AS subclause, see "MEASURE Clause".

    Every limit map should have at least one DIMENSION clause. If the limit map contains MEASURE clauses, then it should also contain a single DIMENSION clause for each dimension of the measures, unless a dimension is being limited to a single value. If the measures are dimensioned by a composite, then you must identify each dimension in the composite with a DIMENSION clause. For the best performance when fetching a large result set, identify the composite in a LOOP clause. See "LOOP Clause".

    A dimension can be named in only one DIMENSION clause. Subclauses of the DIMENSION clause identify the dimension hierarchies and attributes.

    • WITH Subclause for Dimension Hierarchies and Attributes

      The WITH subclause introduces a HIERARCHY or ATTRIBUTE subclause. If you do not specify hierarchies or attributes, then omit the WITH keyword. If you specify both hierarchies and attributes, then precede them with a single WITH keyword.

    • WITH HIERARCHY Subclause

      The HIERARCHY subclause identifies the parent self-relation in the analytic workspace that defines the hierarchies for the dimension. See "Parentrel Relation" for more information,

      The HIERARCHY subclause is optional when the dimension does not have a hierarchy, or when the status of the dimension has been limited to a single level of the hierarchy. When a dimension has multiple hierarchies, specify a HIERARCHY subclause for each one and specify a hierarchy_dimension phrase. The hierarchy_dimension identifies a dimension in the analytic workspace which holds the names of the hierarchies for this dimension. See "Hierlist Dimension" for more information.

      hierarchy_name is a member of hierarchy_dimension. The hierarchy dimension is limited to hierarchy_name for all workspace objects that are referenced in subsequent subclauses for this hierarchy (that is, INHIERARCHY, GID, PARENTGID, FAMILYREL, and HATTRIBUTE).

      For a description of the column subclause, see "DIMENSION Clause ".

      The keywords in the HIERARCHY subclause are described as follows:

      • The INHIERARCHY subclause identifies a boolean variable or a valueset in the analytic workspace that identifies the dimension members in each level of the hierarchy. See "Inhier Valueset or Variable" for more information.

        It is good practice to include an INHIERARCHY subclause, because OLAP_TABLE saves the status of all dimensions with INHIERARCHY subclauses during the processing of the limit map. It is required when there are members of the dimension that are omitted from the hierarchy.

      • The GID subclause maps an integer variable in the analytic workspace, which contains the grouping ID for each dimension member, to a column in the target table. The grouping ID variable is populated by the OLAP DML GROUPINGID command command. See "Gidrel Relation" for more information.

        The GID subclause is required for Java applications that use the OLAP API.

        For a description of the AS subclause, see "MEASURE Clause".

      • The PARENTGID subclause calculates the grouping IDs for the parent relation using the GID variable in the analytic workspace. The parent GIDs are not stored in an analytic workspace object. Instead, you specify the same GID variable for the PARENTGID clause that you used in the GID clause. The PARENTGID clause is recommended for Java applications that use the OLAP API.

        For a description of the AS subclause, see "MEASURE Clause".

      • The FAMILYREL subclause is used primarily to map a family relation in the analytic workspace to multiple columns in the target table. See "Familyrel Relation" for more information. You can use multiple FAMILYREL clauses for each hierarchy.

        List the columns in the order of level_dimension which is a dimension in the analytic workspace that holds the names of all the levels for the dimension. See "Levellist Dimension" for more information.

        If you do not want a particular level included, then specify null for the target column. For a description of the AS subclause, see "MEASURE Clause".

        The LABEL keyword identifies a text attribute that provides more meaningful names for the dimension members.

        The tabular data resulting from a FAMILYREL clause is in rollup form, in which each level of the hierarchy is represented in a separate column, and the full parentage of each dimension member is identified within the row. See Example A-7, "Script for a Rollup View of Products Using OLAP_TABLE".

      • The HATTRIBUTE subclause maps a hierarchy-specific attribute variable, dimensioned by hierarchy_dimension in the analytic workspace, to a column in the target table.

    • WITH ATTRIBUTE Subclause

      The ATTRIBUTE subclause maps an attribute variable in the analytic workspace to a column in the target table.

      If attribute_variable has multiple dimensions, then values are mapped for all members of dimension, but only for the first member in the current status of additional dimensions. For example, if your attributes have a language dimension, then you must set the status of that dimension to a particular language. You can set the status of dimensions in a PREDMLCMD clause.

  • ROW2CELL Clause

    The ROW2CELL clause creates a RAW column, between 16 and 32 characters wide, in the target table and populates it with information that is used by the OLAP expression functions. The OLAP_CONDITION function also uses the ROW2CELL column. Specify a ROW2CELL column when creating a view to be used by these functions. See "Using OLAP DML Expressions in SELECT FROM OLAP_TABLE Statements" and "Adding Calculated Columns to the Relational View".

  • LOOP Clause

    The LOOP clause specifies how Oracle OLAP loops through the data when retrieving values. When you omit a LOOP clause in a limit map, Oracle OLAP loops uses the DIMENSION clauses in that limit map to determine what values that Oracle OLAP loops over. Oracle OLAP loops over only those tuples that identify measure cells that do not contain NA or null.When you include a LOOP clause, you specify one of the following types of subclauses: the optimized_subclause or the union_subclause.

    The optimized_subclause specifies that Oracle OLAP automatically create the union_subclause by which it loops through the data. The union_subclause created never includes any DENSE phrases. Consequently, when you specify the optimized_subclause, Oracle OLAP loops over only those tuples that identify measure cells that do not contain NA or null. The optimized_subclause has the following syntax.

    OPTIMIZED [MEASURES]

    where the optional MEASURES keyword specifies that after identifying the tuples to loop through, Oracle OLAP remove any values that are dimension values that are not dimensions of the objects identified in the MEASURES clauses of the limit map.

    Tip:

    You can use the$LOOP_AGGMAP, $LOOP_DENSE, and $LOOP_VAR properties, to specify more information as to how OLAP_TABLE loops over a formula.

    The union_subclause specifies exactly how Oracle OLAP determines which base dimensions it uses to identify what data values to loop through. For a successful union to occur, the objects that are referenced in this subclause must have the same base dimensions. The union_subclause has the syntax show below.

    [ignore_phrase] [dense_phrase] UNION ({aggmap_phrase | list_phrase }...)]

    where:

    aggmap_phrase has the following syntax which specifies how Oracle OLAP loops through the values of an aggregated variable.

    AGGMAP (ignore_phrase] [dense_phrase] aggmap {variable | dimension_list})

    list_phrase has the following syntax which specifies how Oracle OLAP loops through the values of a composite, partition template, or dimension. It has the following syntax.

    LIST ([ignore_phrase] [dense_phrase] dimension_list)

    • ignore_phrase — Specifies the dimension values that you do not want Oracle OLAP to loop over. It has the following syntax.

      IGNORE (ignore_list )

      For ignore_list you can specify one or more of the following separated by commas.

      dimension_name
        valueset_name
        COMPLEMENT (valueset_name)
      

      Within a single ignore_list you cannot specify a dimension in multiple ways. In other words, you cannot specify both a dimension and a valueset for that same dimension; you cannot specify two valuesets for the same dimension.

      Note:

      The result of specifying IGNOR valueset-name is similar to specifying LIMIT REMOVE valueset-name (see LIMIT command).
    • dense_phrase — Specifies values that Oracle OLAP loops over even when the measure cells identified by those values contain NA or null. In other words, specifying a dimension in a DENSE phrase is similar to requesting a relational outer join. Typically, you include dimension values in a DENSE phrase to perform time-series processing (for example, to lag over time). A DENSE phrase has the following syntax.

      DENSE (dense_list )

      For dense_list you can specify one or more of the following separated by commas.

      dimension_name
        valueset_name
        COMPLEMENT (valueset_name)
      

      Within a single dense_list you cannot specify a dimension in multiple ways. In other words, you cannot specify both a dimension and a valueset for that same dimension; you cannot specify two valuesets for the same dimension.

      However, you can have one valueset for a dimension in the outer DENSE phrase and another valueset for the same dimension in an inner DENSE phrase. If a dimension or a valueset of a dimension is specified in both an inner and outer DENSE phrase, Oracle OLAP loops densely over the union of the dense regions. If the dimension, itself, appears in either place, Oracle OLAP loops densely over the whole dimension.

    • aggmap — The name of an aggmap object. When you specify only the name of an aggmap object, Oracle OLAP uses the values in the PRECOMPUTE phrases of the aggmap to identify the values to loop

    • variable — The name of the variable aggregated by aggmap_name.

    • dimension_list — A list of one or more composites, partition templates, or dimensions.

  • PREDMLCMD Clause

    The PREDMLCMD clause specifies an OLAP DML command that is executed before the data is fetched from the analytic workspace into the target table. It can be used, for example, to execute an OLAP model or forecast whose results will be fetched into the table. The results of the command are in effect during execution of the limit map, and continue into your session after execution of OLAP_TABLE is complete. See "Order of Processing in OLAP_TABLE".

  • POSTDMLCMD Clause

    The POSTDMLCMD clauses specifies an OLAP DML command that is executed after the data is fetched from the analytic workspace into the target table. It can be used, for example, to delete objects or data that were created by commands in the PREDMLCMD clause, or to restore the dimension status that was changed in a PREDMLCMD clause. See "Order of Processing in OLAP_TABLE" .

Notes

Limit Maps

OLAP_TABLE uses a limit map to map dimensions and measures defined in an analytic workspace to columns in a logical table. The limit map combines with the WHERE clause of a SQL SELECT statement to generate a series of OLAP DML LIMIT commands that are executed in the analytic workspace.

OLAP_TABLE can use a limit map with a predefined logical table, or it can use the information in a limit map to dynamically generate a logical table at run time.

See Also:

The discussion of the limit_map parameter.

Logical Tables

The logical table populated by OLAP_TABLE is actually a table type whose rows are user-defined object types, also known as Abstract Data Types or ADTs.

A user-defined object type is composed of attributes, which are equivalent to the columns of a table. The basic syntax for defining a row is as follows.

CREATE TYPE object_name AS OBJECT (
   attribute1      datatype,
   attribute2      datatype,
   attributen      datatype);

A table type is a collection of object types; this collection is equivalent to the rows of a table. The basic syntax for creating a table type is as follows.

CREATE TYPE table_name AS TABLE OF object_name;

See Also:

Using OLAP_TABLE With Predefined ADTs

You can predefine the table of objects or generate it dynamically. When you create the table type in advance, it is available in the database for use by any invocation of OLAP_TABLE. Queries that use predefined objects typically perform better than queries that dynamically generate the objects. See "Using OLAP_TABLE With Predefined ADTs".

Using OLAP_TABLE With Automatic ADTs

If you do not supply the name of a table type as an argument, OLAP_TABLE uses information in the limit map to generate the logical table automatically. In this case, the table type is only available at run time within the context of the calling SQL SELECT statement. See "Using OLAP_TABLE With Automatic ADTs".

When automatically generating ADTs, OLAP_TABLE uses default relational data types for the target columns unless you override them with AS clauses in the limit map. The default data type conversions used by OLAP_TABLE are described in Table A-1.

Table A-1 Default Data Type Conversions

Analytic Workspace Data Type SQL Data Type

ID

CHAR(8)

TEXT

VARCHAR2(4000)

TEXT(n)

VARCHAR2(n)

NTEXT

NVARCHAR2(4000)

NTEXT(n)

NVARCHAR2(n)

NUMBER

NUMBER

NUMBER(p,s)

NUMBER(p,s)

LONGINTEGER

NUMBER(19)

INTEGER

NUMBER(10)

SHORTINTEGER

NUMBER(5)

INTEGER WIDTH 1

NUMBER(3)

BOOLEAN

NUMBER(1)

DECIMAL

BINARY_DOUBLE

SHORTDECIMAL

BINARY_FLOAT

DATE

DATE

DAY, WEEK, MONTH, QUARTER, YEAR

DATE

DATETIME

TIMESTAMP

COMPOSITE

VARCHAR2(4000)

Other

VARCHAR2(4000)


Using olap_command with a Limit Map

You may want your application to modify the analytic workspace on the fly during the execution of OLAP_TABLE.

A common use of the olap_command parameter is to limit one or more dimensions. If you limit any of the dimensions that have INHIERARCHY clauses in the limit map, then the status of those dimensions is changed only during execution of this call to OLAP_TABLE; the limits do not affect the rest of your OLAP session. However, other commands (for example, commands that limit dimensions not referenced with INHIERARCHY clauses) can affect your session.

If you want a limit on a dimension in the limit map to stay in effect for the rest of your session, and not just during the command, specify it in the PREDMLCMD clause of the limit map or specify an OLAP_CONDITION function in the SQL SELECT statement.

The following is an example of a LIMIT command in the olap_command parameter.

'LIMIT product TO product_member_levelrel ''L2'''

See Also:

"OLAP_CONDITION"

Using FETCH in the olap_command Parameter

If you specify an OLAP DML FETCH command in the olap_command parameter, OLAP_TABLE uses it, instead of the instructions in the limit map, to fetch the source data for the table object. Because of this usage, the olap_command parameter is sometimes referred to as the data map. In general, do not specify a limit map if you specify a FETCH command.

Note:

Normally, use the FETCH command with OLAP_TABLE only if you are upgrading an Express application that used the FETCH command for SNAPI. If you are upgrading, note that the full syntax is the same in Oracle as in Express 6.3. You can use the same FETCH commands in OLAP_TABLE that you used previously in SNAPI. For the syntax of the FETCH command, see "FETCH".

FETCH specifies explicitly how analytic workspace data is mapped to a table object. The basic syntax is:

FETCH expression...

Enter one expression for each target column, listing the expressions in the same order they appear in the row definition. Separate expressions with spaces or commas.You must enter the entire statement on one line, without line breaks or continuation marks of any type.

Order of Processing in OLAP_TABLE

The following list identifies the order in which the OLAP_TABLE function processes instructions in the limit map that can change the status of dimensions in the analytic workspace.

  1. Execute any OLAP DML command specified in the PREDMLCMD parameter of the limit map.

  2. Save the current status of all dimensions in the limit map so that it can be restored later (PUSH status).

  3. Keep in status only those dimension members specified by INHIERARCHY subclauses in the limit map (LIMIT KEEP).

  4. Within the status set during step 3, keep only those dimension members that satisfy the WHERE clause of the SQL SELECT statement containing the OLAP_TABLE function (LIMIT KEEP).

  5. Execute any OLAP DML command specified in the olap_command parameter of the OLAP_TABLE function. (If olap_command includes a FETCH, fetch the data.)

  6. Fetch the data (unless an OLAP DML FETCH command was specified in the olap_command parameter).

  7. Restore the status of all dimensions in the limit map (POP status).

  8. Execute any OLAP DML command specified in the POSTDMLCMD parameter of the limit map.

Examples

Because different applications have different requirements, several different formats are commonly used for fetching data into SQL from an analytic workspace. The examples in this section show how to create views using a variety of different formats.

Although these examples are shown as views, the SELECT statements can be extracted from them and used directly to fetch data from an analytic workspace into an application.

Note:

The examples in this section use predefined ADTs. You could modify them to use automatic ADTs. See "Using OLAP_TABLE With Automatic ADTs".

Example A-5 Script for an Embedded Total Dimension View Using OLAP_TABLE

This example shows the PL/SQL script used to create an embedded total view of the TIME dimension in an analytic workspace named MYAW. This view is similar to the view in Example A-2, "Sample View of the TIME Dimension Using Predefined ADTs", but it specifies both a Calendar and a Fiscal hierarchy, and it includes HATTRIBUTE subclauses for hierarchy-specific End Date attributes.

The INHIERARCHY subclause identifies a valueset in the analytic workspace that lists all the dimension members in each hierarchy of a dimension. OLAP_TABLE saves the status of all dimensions in the limit map that have INHIERARCHY subclauses during the processing of the limit map. See "Order of Processing in OLAP_TABLE".

CREATE TYPE awtime_row AS OBJECT (
             awtime_id               VARCHAR2(12),
             awtime_short_label      VARCHAR2(12),
             awtime_cal_end_date     DATE,
             awtime_fis_end_date     DATE);
/
CREATE TYPE awtime_table AS TABLE OF awtime_row;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW awtime_view AS
   SELECT awtime_id, awtime_short_label, 
          awtime_cal_end_date, awtime_fis_end_date
      FROM TABLE(OLAP_TABLE(
         'myaw DURATION SESSION',
         'awtime_table', 
         '',
         'DIMENSION awtime_id FROM time WITH 
             HIERARCHY time_parentrel 
                (time_hierlist ''CALENDAR'')
                INHIERARCHY time_inhier
                HATTRIBUTE awtime_cal_end_date  FROM time_cal_end_date
             HIERARCHY time_parentrel 
                (time_hierlist ''FISCAL'')
                INHIERARCHY time_inhier
                HATTRIBUTE awtime_fis_end_date  FROM time_fis_end_date
          ATTRIBUTE awtime_short_label  FROM time_short_description'));
/
SQL>SELECT * FROM awtime_view;

AWTIME_ID  AWTIME_SHORT_LABEL  AWTIME_CAL_END_DATE  AWTIME_FIS_END_DATE
---------  ------------------  -------------------  -------------------  
19         Jan-98              31-JAN-98            31-JAN-98
20         Feb-98              28-FEB-98            28-FEB-98
21         Mar-98              31-MAR-98            31-MAR-98
22         Apr-98              30-APR-98            30-APR-98
23         May-98              31-MAY-98            31-MAY-98
24         Jun-98              30-JUN-98            30-JUN-98
.                                                            
.                                                            
.                                                            
.                                                            
98         Q1-03               31-MAR-03            30-SEP-03
99         Q2-03               30-JUN-03            31-DEC-03
1          1998                31-DEC-98            30-JUN-99
102        2003                31-DEC-03            30-JUN-04
119        2004                31-DEC-04            30-JUN-05
2          1999                31-DEC-99            30-JUN-00
3          2000                31-DEC-00            30-JUN-01
4          2001                31-DEC-01            30-JUN-02
85         2002                31-DEC-02            30-JUN-03

Note that you must be sure to verify that you have created the views correctly by issuing SELECT statements against them. Only at that time do any errors in the call to OLAP_TABLE appear.

Example A-6 Creating a View of an Embedded Total Measure Using OLAP_TABLE

In a star schema, a separate measure view is needed with columns that can be joined to each of the dimension views. This example shows the PL/SQL script used to create a measure view with a column populated by a ROW2CELL clause to support custom measures. For information on ROW2CELL, "ROW2CELL Clause".

CREATE TYPE awunits_row AS OBJECT (
             awtime                  VARCHAR2(12),
             awcustomer              VARCHAR2(30),
             awproduct               VARCHAR2(30),
             awchannel               VARCHAR2(30),
             awunits                 NUMBER(16),
             r2c                     RAW(32));
/
CREATE TYPE awunits_table AS TABLE OF awunits_row;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW awunits_view AS
   SELECT awunits,
          awtime, awcustomer, awproduct, awchannel, r2c 
      FROM TABLE(OLAP_TABLE(
         'myaw DURATION SESSION', 
         'awunits_table', 
         '',
         'MEASURE awunits FROM units_cube_units
          DIMENSION awtime FROM time WITH
             HIERARCHY time_parentrel
          DIMENSION awcustomer FROM customer WITH 
             HIERARCHY customer_parentrel
                       (customer_hierlist ''MARKET_ROLLUP'')
                INHIERARCHY customer_inhier
          DIMENSION awproduct FROM product WITH
             HIERARCHY product_parentrel
          DIMENSION channel WITH
             HIERARCHY channel_parentrel
             ATTRIBUTE  awchannel FROM channel_short_description
          ROW2CELL r2c'))
      WHERE awunits IS NOT NULL;

SQL>SELECT awchannel, awunits FROM awunits_view 
     WHERE    awproduct = '1'
     AND      awcustomer = '7'
     AND      awtime = '4';

AWCHANNEL            AWUNITS
---------            -------
All Channels         415392
Direct Sales         43783 
Catalog              315737
Internet             55872 

Example A-7 Script for a Rollup View of Products Using OLAP_TABLE

Rollup form uses a column for each hierarchy level to show the full parentage of each dimension member. The only difference between the syntax for rollup form and the syntax for embedded total form is the addition of a FAMILYREL clause in the definition of each dimension in the limit map. For information on FAMILYREL, see "WITH HIERARCHY Subclause".

This example shows the PL/SQL script used to create a rollup view of the PRODUCT dimension. It shows a dimension view to highlight the differences in the syntax of the limit map from the one used for the embedded total form, as shown in Example A-5, "Script for an Embedded Total Dimension View Using OLAP_TABLE". Note that the target columns for these levels are listed in the FAMILYREL clause from most aggregate (CLASS) to least aggregate (ITEM), which is the order they are listed in the level list dimension. The family relation returns four columns. The most aggregate level (all products) is omitted from the view by mapping it to null.

Example A-8, "Script Using QDRs in the FAMILYREL Clause of OLAP_TABLE" shows the alternate syntax for the FAMILYREL clause, which uses QDRs to identify exactly which columns are mapped from the family relation.

The limit maps in Example A-7 and Example A-8 generate identical views.

CREATE TYPE awproduct_row AS OBJECT (  
            class       VARCHAR2(50),
            family      VARCHAR2(50),
            item        VARCHAR2(50));
/
CREATE TYPE awproduct_table AS TABLE OF awproduct_row;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW awproduct_view AS
   SELECT class, family, item
      FROM TABLE(OLAP_TABLE(
         'myaw DURATION QUERY',
         'awproduct_table', 
         '',
         'DIMENSION product WITH 
            HIERARCHY product_parentrel
               FAMILYREL null, class, family, item
                  FROM product_familyrel USING product_levellist
                  LABEL product_short_description')); 

SQL> SELECT * FROM awproduct_view 
              ORDER BY class, family, item;

CLASS            FAMILY             ITEM
--------------   ----------------   ------------------------
Hardware          CD-ROM             Envoy External 6X CD-ROM  
Hardware          CD-ROM             Envoy External 8X CD-ROM  
Hardware          CD-ROM             External 6X CD-ROM  
Hardware          CD-ROM             External 8X CD-ROM  
Hardware          CD-ROM             Internal 6X CD-ROM  
Hardware          CD-ROM             Internal 8X CD-ROM  
Hardware          CD-ROM             
Hardware          Desktop PCs        Sentinel Financial  
Hardware          Desktop PCs        Sentinel Multimedia  
.
.
.
Software/Other   Operating Systems  UNIX/Windows 1-user pack  
Software/Other   Operating Systems  UNIX/Windows 5-user pack  
Software/Other   Operating Systems     
Software/Other

Example A-8 Script Using QDRs in the FAMILYREL Clause of OLAP_TABLE

CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE awproduct_row AS OBJECT (
             class       VARCHAR2(50),
             family      VARCHAR2(50),
             item        VARCHAR2(50));
/
CREATE TYPE awproduct_table AS TABLE OF awproduct_row;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW awproduct_view AS
   SELECT class, family, item
      FROM TABLE(OLAP_TABLE(
         'myaw DURATION QUERY',
         'awproduct_table', 
         '',
         'DIMENSION product WITH 
            HIERARCHY product_parentrel
               FAMILYREL class, family, item FROM
                  product_familyrel(product_levellist ''CLASS''),
                  product_familyrel(product_levellist ''FAMILY''),
                  product_familyrel(product_levellist ''ITEM'')
                  LABEL product_short_description')); 

SQL> SELECT * FROM awproduct_view 
              ORDER BY by class, family, item;

CLASS            FAMILY             ITEM
--------------   ----------------   ------------------------  
Hardware          CD-ROM             Envoy External 6X CD-ROM  
Hardware          CD-ROM             Envoy External 8X CD-ROM  
Hardware          CD-ROM             External 6X CD-ROM  
Hardware          CD-ROM             External 8X CD-ROM  
Hardware          CD-ROM             Internal 6X CD-ROM  
Hardware          CD-ROM             Internal 8X CD-ROM  
Hardware          CD-ROM             
Hardware          Desktop PCs        Sentinel Financial  
Hardware          Desktop PCs        Sentinel Multimedia  
.                                                 
.                                                 
.                                                 
Software/Other   Operating Systems  UNIX/Windows 1-user pack  
Software/Other   Operating Systems  UNIX/Windows 5-user pack  
Software/Other   Operating Systems     
Software/Other

Example A-9 Script Using FETCH with OLAP_TABLE

Oracle Express Server applications that are being revised for use with Oracle Database can use an OLAP DML FETCH command instead of a limit map to map workspace objects to relational columns.

The FETCH command is supplied in the third parameter of OLAP_TABLE, which specifies a single OLAP DML command. See olap_command.

The script that follows fetches data from two variables (SALES and COST) in an analytic workspace named MYAW, and calculates two custom measures (COST_PRIOR_PERIOD and PROFIT). This example also shows the use of OLAP_TABLE directly by an application, without creating a view.

Note that the FETCH statement in the following example is formatted with indentation for readability. In reality, the entire FETCH statement must be entered on one line, without line breaks or continuation characters

CREATE TYPE measure_row AS OBJECT (
             time                       VARCHAR2(20),
             geography                  VARCHAR2(30),
             product                    VARCHAR2(30),
             channel                    VARCHAR2(30),
             sales                      NUMBER(16),
             cost                       NUMBER(16),
             cost_prior_period          NUMBER(16),
             profit                     NUMBER(16));
/   
CREATE TYPE measure_table AS TABLE OF measure_row;
/
SELECT time, geography, product, channel, 
       sales, cost, cost_prior_period, profit
          FROM TABLE(OLAP_TABLE(
             'xademo DURATION SESSION', 
             'measure_table', 
             'FETCH time, geography, product, channel, analytic_cube_f.sales, 
                    analytic_cube_f.costs, 
                    LAG(analytic_cube_f.costs, 1, time, LEVELREL time_member_levelrel),
                    analytic_cube_f.sales - analytic_cube_f.costs',
             ''))
          WHERE channel =    'STANDARD_2.TOTALCHANNEL' AND
                product =    'L1.TOTALPROD' AND
                geography =  'L1.WORLD'
          ORDER BY time;

This SQL SELECT statement returns the following result set:

TIME      GEOGRAPHY PRODUCT      CHANNEL                 SALES       COST    COST_PRIOR_PERIOD    PROFIT
--------- --------- ------------ ----------------------- --------- --------- ------------------ --------
L1.1996   L1.WORLD  L1.TOTALPROD STANDARD_2.TOTALCHANNEL 118247112   2490243                   115756869
L1.1997   L1.WORLD  L1.TOTALPROD STANDARD_2.TOTALCHANNEL  46412113   1078031          2490243   45334082
L2.Q1.96  L1.WORLD  L1.TOTALPROD STANDARD_2.TOTALCHANNEL  26084848    560379                    25524469
L2.Q1.97  L1.WORLD  L1.TOTALPROD STANDARD_2.TOTALCHANNEL  26501765    615399           560379   25886367
L2.Q2.96  L1.WORLD  L1.TOTALPROD STANDARD_2.TOTALCHANNEL  30468054    649004           615399   29819049
L2.Q2.97  L1.WORLD  L1.TOTALPROD STANDARD_2.TOTALCHANNEL  19910347    462632           649004   19447715
L2.Q3.96  L1.WORLD  L1.TOTALPROD STANDARD_2.TOTALCHANNEL  27781702    582693           462632   27199009
L2.Q4.96  L1.WORLD  L1.TOTALPROD STANDARD_2.TOTALCHANNEL  33912508    698166           582693   33214342
L3.APR96  L1.WORLD  L1.TOTALPROD STANDARD_2.TOTALCHANNEL   8859808    188851                     8670957
                                              .
                                              .
                                              .
27 rows selected.

OLAP_CONDITION

OLAP_CONDITION is a SQL function that dynamically executes an OLAP DML command during a query of an analytic workspace.

The OLAP_CONDITION function executes an OLAP DML command at one of three entry points in the limit map used in a call to OLAP_TABLE as described in "Entry Points for OLAP_CONDITION in the OLAP_TABLE Limit Map".

Note:

You cannot execute this function from within the OLAP Worksheet. You must execute if in a SQL tool such as SQL Worksheet.

Returns

The number 1 to indicate a successful invocation of OLAP_CONDITION.

Syntax

OLAP_CONDITION(
          r2c          IN   RAW(32),
          expression   IN   VARCHAR2,
          event        IN   NUMBER DEFAULT 1);
      RETURN NUMBER;

Parameters

r2c

The name of a column specified by a ROW2CELL clause in the limit map. This parameter is used by OLAP_CONDITION to identify a particular invocation of OLAP_TABLE.

The ROW2CELL column is used in the processing of the single-row functions. (See "OLAP_EXPRESSION") OLAP_CONDITION simply uses it as an identifier.

For information on creating a ROW2CELL column, see "ROW2CELL Clause".

expression

A single OLAP DML command to be executed within the context of the OLAP_TABLE function identified by the r2c parameter

event

The event during OLAP_TABLE processing that triggers the execution of the OLAP DML command specified by the expression parameter. This parameter can have the value 0, 1, or 2, as described in Table A-2

Notes

Entry Points for OLAP_CONDITION in the OLAP_TABLE Limit Map

Parameters of OLAP_CONDITION identify an invocation of OLAP_TABLE, specify an entry point in the limit map, and provide the OLAP DML command to be executed at that entry point.

The target limit map must include a ROW2CELL column. OLAP_CONDITION uses this column to identify an instance of OLAP_TABLE. Within that instance OLAP_CONDITION executes the OLAP DML command at one of three possible entry points. The entry point that you specify determines whether the condition affects the data returned by the query and whether the condition remains in effect upon completion of the query.

OLAP_CONDITION can be triggered at any of the following points:

The entry points for OLAP_CONDITION are described in Table A-2. Refer to "Order of Processing in OLAP_TABLE" to determine where each entry point occurs.

Table A-2 Entry Points for OLAP_CONDITION in the OLAP_TABLE Limit Map

Entry Point Description

0

Execute the OLAP DML command after the PREDMLCMD clause of the limit map is processed and before the status of the dimensions in the limit map is saved.

The entry point is between steps 1 and 2 in "Order of Processing in OLAP_TABLE".

If OLAP_CONDITION limits any of the dimensions in the limit map, the limits remain in the workspace after the execution of OLAP_TABLE (unless a command in the POSTDMLCMD clause of the limit map changes the status).

1

Execute the OLAP DML command after the conditions of the WHERE clause are satisfied and before the data is fetched. (Default.)

The entry point is between steps 4 and 5 in "Order of Processing in OLAP_TABLE".

If an OLAP DML command (other than FETCH) is specified in the olap_command parameter of OLAP_TABLE, it is executed after OLAP_CONDITION and before the data is fetched. (The use of a FETCH command in the olap_command parameter, or in OLAP_CONDITION itself, is not generally recommended. See "Using FETCH in the olap_command Parameter".)

If OLAP_CONDITION limits any of the dimensions in the limit map, the limits remain in effect for the duration of the query only.

2

Execute the OLAP DML command after the data is fetched and the status of dimensions in the limit map has been restored.

The entry point is after step 8 in "Order of Processing in OLAP_TABLE".

If OLAP_CONDITION limits any dimensions, the limits remain in the analytic workspace after the query completes.


Examples

Several sample queries using OLAP_CONDITION are shown in Example A-11, "Queries of UNIT_COST_PRICE_VIEW Using OLAP_CONDITION". These examples use the PRICE_CUBE in an analytic workspace namedMYAW. The cube has a time dimension, a product dimension, and measures for unit cost and unit price.

The examples are based on a view called unit_cost_price_view. The SQL for creating this view is shown in Example A-10, "View of PRICE_CUBE". For information about creating views of analytic workspaces, see "Creating Relational Views Using OLAP_TABLE".

Example A-10 View of PRICE_CUBE

-- Create the logical row
SQL>CREATE TYPE unit_cost_price_row AS OBJECT (
            aw_unit_cost          NUMBER,
            aw_unit_price         NUMBER,
            aw_product            VARCHAR2(50),
            aw_product_gid        NUMBER(10),
            aw_time               VARCHAR2(20),
            aw_time_gid           NUMBER(10),
            r2c                   RAW(32));

-- Create the logical table
SQL>CREATE TYPE unit_cost_price_table AS TABLE OF unit_cost_price_row;

-- Create the view
SQL>CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW unit_cost_price_view AS
    SELECT aw_unit_cost, aw_unit_price, aw_product, aw_product_gid,
           aw_time, aw_time_gid, r2c 
      FROM TABLE(OLAP_TABLE(
         'myaw DURATION SESSION',
         'unit_cost_price_table', 
         '',
         'MEASURE aw_unit_cost  FROM price_cube_unit_cost
          MEASURE aw_unit_price FROM price_cube_unit_price
          DIMENSION product WITH 
             HIERARCHY product_parentrel
                INHIERARCHY product_inhier
                GID aw_product_gid FROM product_gid
             ATTRIBUTE aw_product FROM product_short_description
          DIMENSION time WITH 
             HIERARCHY time_parentrel
                INHIERARCHY time_inhier
                GID aw_time_gid FROM time_gid
             ATTRIBUTE aw_time FROM time_short_description
          ROW2CELL r2c'));

-- query the view
SQL>SELECT * FROM unit_cost_price_view 
             WHERE aw_product = 'Hardware'
             AND aw_time in ('2000', '2001', '2002', '2003')
             ORDER BY aw_time;

AW_UNIT_COST AW_UNIT_PRICE AW_PRODUCT AW_PRODUCT_GID AW_TIME AW_TIME_GID R2C
------------ ------------- ---------- -------------- ------- ----------- -----
   211680.12    224713.71  Hardware                3 2000             3  00...
   195591.60    207513.16  Hardware                3 2001             3  00...
   184413.05    194773.78  Hardware                3 2002             3  00...
    73457.31     77275.06  Hardware                3 2003             3  00...

Example A-11 Queries of UNIT_COST_PRICE_VIEW Using OLAP_CONDITION

The queries in this example use OLAP_CONDITION to modify the query of UNIT_COST_PRICE_VIEW in Example A-10, "View of PRICE_CUBE". In each query, OLAP_CONDITION uses a different entry point to limit the TIME dimension to the year 2000.

In the first query, OLAP_CONDIITON uses entry point 0. The limited data is returned by OLAP_TABLE, and the limit remains in effect in the analytic workspace.

SQL>SELECT * FROM unit_cost_price_view 
             WHERE aw_product = 'Hardware'
             AND aw_time in ('2000', '2001', '2002', '2003')
             AND OLAP_CONDITION(r2c, 
                       'limit time to time_short_description eq ''2000''', 0)=1
             ORDER BY aw_time;

AW_UNIT_COST AW_UNIT_PRICE AW_PRODUCT AW_PRODUCT_GID AW_TIME AW_TIME_GID R2C
------------ ------------- ---------- -------------- ------- ----------- -----
   211680.12    224713.71  Hardware                3 2000             3  00...

--Check status in the analytic workspace
SQL>exec dbms_aw.execute('rpr time_short_description');

TIME     TIME_SHORT_DESCRIPTION 
----     ----------------------
  3      2000 

-- Reset status
SQL>exec dbms_aw.execute('allstat');

In the next query, OLAP_CONDIITON uses entry point 1. The limited data is returned by OLAP_TABLE, but the limit does not remain in effect in the analytic workspace.

Note that the third parameter is not required in this case, since entry point 1 is the default.

SQL>SELECT * FROM unit_cost_price_view 
             WHERE aw_product = 'Hardware'
             AND aw_time in ('2000', '2001', '2002', '2003')
             AND OLAP_CONDITION(r2c, 
                       'limit time to time_short_description eq ''2000''', 1)=1
             ORDER BY aw_time;

AW_UNIT_COST AW_UNIT_PRICE AW_PRODUCT AW_PRODUCT_GID AW_TIME AW_TIME_GID R2C
------------ ------------- ---------- -------------- ------- ----------- -----
   211680.12    224713.71  Hardware                3 2000             3  00...

--Check status in the analytic workspace
SQL>exec dbms_aw.execute('rpr time_short_description');

TIME     TIME_SHORT_DESCRIPTION 
----     ----------------------
 19      Jan-98 
 20      Feb-98 
 21      Mar-98 
 22      Apr-98 
.        
.        
.        
  1      1998 
  2      1999 
  3      2000 
  4      2001 
 85      2002 
102      2003 
119      2004 

-- Reset status
SQL>exec dbms_aw.execute('allstat');

In the final query, OLAP_CONDIITON uses entry point 2. The limit does not affect the data returned by OLAP_TABLE, but the limit remains in effect in the analytic workspace.

SQL>SELECT * FROM unit_cost_price_view 
             WHERE aw_product = 'Hardware'
             AND aw_time in ('2000', '2001', '2002', '2003')
             AND OLAP_CONDITION(r2c, 
                       'limit time to time_short_description eq ''2000''', 2)=1
             ORDER BY aw_time;

AW_UNIT_COST AW_UNIT_PRICE AW_PRODUCT AW_PRODUCT_GID AW_TIME AW_TIME_GID R2C
------------ ------------- ---------- -------------- ------- ----------- -----
   211680.12    224713.71  Hardware                3 2000             3  00...
   195591.60    207513.16  Hardware                3 2001             3  00...
   184413.05    194773.78  Hardware                3 2002             3  00...
    73457.31     77275.06  Hardware                3 2003             3  00...

--Check status in the analytic workspace
SQL>exec dbms_aw.execute('rpr time_short_description');

TIME     TIME_SHORT_DESCRIPTION 
----     ----------------------
  3      2000 

OLAP_EXPRESSION

OLAP_EXPRESSION is a SQL function that dynamically executes an OLAP DML boolean expression within the context of an OLAP_TABLE function. In addition to returning a custom measure, you can use this function in the WHERE and ORDER BY clauses to modify the result set of the query of the analytic workspace.

OLAP_EXPRESSION_TEXT returns character data. To return text, boolean, or date data, use OLAP_EXPRESSION_TEXT, OLAP_EXPRESSION_BOOL, or OLAP_EXPRESSION_DATE SQL functions.

Before you use this function, you must specify a ROW2CELL clause in the limit map used by OLAP_TABLE. ROW2CELL identifies a RAW column that OLAP_TABLE populates with information used by the OLAP single-row functions.

Note:

You cannot execute this function from within the OLAP Worksheet. You must execute if in a SQL tool such as SQL Worksheet.

Returns

An evaluation of numeric_expression for each row of the table object returned by the OLAP_TABLE function.

OLAP_EXPRESSION returns numeric data. To return text, boolean, or date data, use the OLAP_EXPRESSION_TEXT, OLAP_EXPRESSION_BOOL, or OLAP_EXPRESSION_DATE functions.

Syntax

OLAP_EXPRESSION(
          r2c                  IN   RAW(32),
          numeric_expression   IN   VARCHAR2)
      RETURN NUMBER;

Parameters

r2c

The name of a column specified by a ROW2CELL clause in the limit map. See "ROW2CELL Clause" of OLAP_TABLE

numeric_experssion

An OLAP DML expression that returns a numeric result.

Examples

The following script was used to create the view unit_cost_price_view, which is used in Example A-12, "OLAP_EXPRESSION: Time Series Function in a WHERE Clause" and Example A-13, "OLAP_EXPRESSION: Numeric Calculation in an ORDER BY CLause" to illustrate the use of OLAP_EXPRESSION. For information about creating views of analytic workspaces, see "Creating Relational Views Using OLAP_TABLE".

Sample View: MYAW.UNIT_COST_PRICE_VIEW

-- Create the logical row
CREATE TYPE unit_cost_price_row AS OBJECT (
            aw_unit_cost          NUMBER,
            aw_unit_price         NUMBER,
            aw_product            VARCHAR2(50),
            aw_time               VARCHAR2(20),
            r2c                   RAW(32));
/
-- Create the logical table
CREATE TYPE unit_cost_price_table AS TABLE OF unit_cost_price_row;
/
-- Create the view
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW unit_cost_price_view AS
    SELECT aw_unit_cost, aw_unit_price, aw_product, aw_time, r2c
      FROM TABLE(OLAP_TABLE(
         'myaw DURATION SESSION',
         'unit_cost_price_table', 
         '',
         'MEASURE aw_unit_cost  FROM price_cube_unit_cost
          MEASURE aw_unit_price FROM price_cube_unit_price
          DIMENSION product WITH 
             HIERARCHY product_parentrel
                INHIERARCHY product_inhier
             ATTRIBUTE aw_product FROM product_short_description
          DIMENSION time WITH 
             HIERARCHY time_parentrel
                INHIERARCHY time_inhier
             ATTRIBUTE aw_time FROM time_short_description
          ROW2CELL r2c'));
/

The following query shows some aggregate data in the view.

SQL>SELECT * FROM unit_cost_price_view 
             WHERE aw_product = 'Hardware'
             AND aw_time in ('2000', '2001', '2002', '2003')
             ORDER BY aw_time;

AW_UNIT_COST    AW_UNIT_PRICE    AW_PRODUCT    AW_TIME    R2C
------------    -------------    ----------    -------    -----
   211680.12        224713.71      Hardware       2000    00...
   195591.60        207513.16      Hardware       2001    00...
   184413.05        194773.78      Hardware       2002    00...
    73457.31         77275.06      Hardware       2003    00...

Example A-12 OLAP_EXPRESSION: Time Series Function in a WHERE Clause

This example uses the view described in "Sample View: MYAW.UNIT_COST_PRICE_VIEW".

The following SELECT statement calculates an expression with an alias of PERIODAGO, and limits the result set to calculated values greater than 50,000. The calculation uses the LAG function to return the value of the previous time period.

SQL>SELECT aw_time time, aw_unit_cost unit_cost, 
            OLAP_EXPRESSION(r2c, 
                           'LAG(price_cube_unit_cost, 1, time, 
                                LEVELREL time_levelrel)') periodago
        FROM unit_cost_price_view
        WHERE aw_product = 'Hardware'
        AND OLAP_EXPRESSION(r2c,
                           'LAG(price_cube_unit_cost, 1, time, 
                                LEVELREL time_levelrel)') > 50000;

This SELECT statement produces these results.

TIME                  UNIT_COST  PERIODAGO
-------------------- ---------- ----------
2003                   73457.31  184413.05
2004                              73457.31
1999                   231095.4  162526.92
2000                  211680.12   231095.4
2001                   195591.6  211680.12
2002                  184413.05   195591.6
Q2-99                  57587.34   57856.76
Q3-99                  59464.25   57587.34
Q4-99                  56187.05   59464.25
Q1-00                  53982.32   56187.05
Q2-00                  53629.74   53982.32
Q3-00                  53010.65   53629.74
Q4-00                  51057.41   53010.65
Q1-01                  49691.22   51057.41

Example A-13 OLAP_EXPRESSION: Numeric Calculation in an ORDER BY CLause

This example uses the view described in "Sample View: MYAW.UNIT_COST_PRICE_VIEW".

This example subtracts costs from price, and gives this expression an alias of MARKUP. The rows are ordered by markup from highest to lowest.

SQL>SELECT aw_time time, aw_unit_cost unit_cost, aw_unit_price unit_price, 
            OLAP_EXPRESSION(r2c, 
                      'PRICE_CUBE_UNIT_PRICE - PRICE_CUBE_UNIT_COST') markup
     FROM unit_cost_price_view 
     WHERE aw_product = 'Hardware' 
     AND aw_time in ('1998', '1999', '2000', '2001')
     ORDER BY OLAP_EXPRESSION(r2c, 
                      'PRICE_CUBE_UNIT_PRICE - PRICE_CUBE_UNIT_COST') DESC;

This SELECT statement produces these results.

TIME                  UNIT_COST   UNIT_PRICE  MARKUP
-------------------- ----------  ----------  ---------
1999                  231095.40   245412.91   14317.51
2000                  211680.12   224713.71   13033.59
2001                  195591.60   207513.16   11921.56
1998                  162526.92   173094.41   10567.49

OLAP_EXPRESSION_BOOL

OLAP_EXPRESSION_BOOL is a SQL function that dynamically executes an OLAP DML boolean expression within the context of an OLAP_TABLE function. In addition to returning a custom measure, you can use this function in the WHERE and ORDER BY clauses to modify the result set of the query of the analytic workspace.

OLAP_EXPRESSION_TEXT returns character data. To return numeric, text, or date data, use OLAP_EXPRESSION, OLAP_EXPRESSION_TEXT, or OLAP_EXPRESSION_DATE SQL functions.

Before you use this function, you must specify a ROW2CELL clause in the limit map used by OLAP_TABLE. ROW2CELL identifies a RAW column that OLAP_TABLE populates with information used by the OLAP single-row functions.

Note:

You cannot execute this function from within the OLAP Worksheet. You must execute if in a SQL tool such as SQL Worksheet.

Returns

An evaluation of boolean_expression for each row of the table object returned by the OLAP_TABLE function.

OLAP_EXPRESSION_BOOL returns boolean data. To return numeric, date, or text data, use the OLAP_EXPRESSION, OLAP_EXPRESSION_DATE, or OLAP_EXPRESSION_TEXT functions.

Syntax

OLAP_EXPRESSION_BOOL(
          r2c                  IN   RAW(32),
          boolean_expression   IN   VARCHAR2)
      RETURN NUMBER;

Parameters

r2c

The name of a column specified by a ROW2CELL clause in the limit map. See "ROW2CELL Clause" of OLAP_TABLE

boolean_experssion

An OLAP DML expression that returns a Boolean result.

Examples

The following script was used to create the view awunits_view, which is used in Example A-14 to illustrate the use of OLAP_EXPRESSION_BOOL.

Sample View: MYAW_AW.AWUNITS_VIEW

-- Create the logical row
CREATE TYPE awunits_row AS OBJECT (
             awtime                  VARCHAR2(12),
             awcustomer              VARCHAR2(30),
             awproduct               VARCHAR2(30),
             awchannel               VARCHAR2(30),
             awunits                 NUMBER(16),
             r2c                     RAW(32));
/
-- Create the logical table
CREATE TYPE awunits_table AS TABLE OF awunits_row;
/
-- Create the view
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW awunits_view AS
   SELECT awunits,
          awtime, awcustomer, awproduct, awchannel, r2c 
      FROM TABLE(OLAP_TABLE(
         'myaw_aw.myawaw DURATION SESSION', 
         'awunits_table', 
         '',
         'MEASURE awunits FROM units_cube_aw_units_aw
          DIMENSION awtime FROM time_aw WITH
             HIERARCHY time_aw_parentrel
          DIMENSION awcustomer FROM customer_aw WITH 
             HIERARCHY customer_aw_parentrel
                       (customer_aw_hierlist ''MARKET_ROLLUP_AW'')
                INHIERARCHY customer_aw_inhier
          DIMENSION awproduct FROM product_aw WITH
             HIERARCHY product_aw_parentrel
          DIMENSION channel_aw WITH
             HIERARCHY channel_aw_parentrel
             ATTRIBUTE  awchannel FROM channel_aw_short_description
          ROW2CELL r2c'))
      WHERE awunits IS NOT NULL;
/

The following query shows some aggregate data in the view. For all products in all markets during the year 2001, it shows the number of units sold through each channel.

SQL> SELECT awchannel, awunits FROM awunits_view 
     WHERE    awproduct = '1'
     AND      awcustomer = '7'
     AND      awtime = '4';
     
AWCHANNEL            AWUNITS
---------            -------  
All Channels         415392  
Direct Sales         43783  
Catalog              315737  
Internet             55872  

The following statements show the descriptions of the Product, Customer, and Time dimension members used in the query.

SQL>execute dbms_aw.execute('limit product_aw to ''1''');
SQL>execute dbms_aw.execute('rpr product_aw_short_description');
 
PRODUCT_AW                 PRODUCT_AW_SHORT_DESCRIPTION
--------------- --------------------------------------------------
1               Total Product

SQL>execute dbms_aw.execute('limit customer_aw to ''7''');
SQL>execute dbms_aw.execute('rpr customer_aw_short_description');
 
CUSTOMER_AW               CUSTOMER_AW_SHORT_DESCRIPTION
--------------- --------------------------------------------------
7               Total Market
 
SQL>execute dbms_aw.execute('limit time_aw to ''4''');
SQL>execute dbms_aw.execute('rpr time_aw_short_description');
 
TIME_AW                     TIME_AW_SHORT_DESCRIPTION
--------------- --------------------------------------------------
4               2001

Example A-14 OLAP_EXPRESSION_BOOL Function in a SELECT List

This example uses the view described in "Sample View: MYAW_AW.AWUNITS_VIEW". The following SELECT statement calculates an expression with an alias of lowest_units, which indicates whether or not the number of units of each product was less than 500.

SQL>SELECT awproduct products,
       olap_expression_bool(r2c, 'units_cube_aw_units_aw le 500') lowest_units
          FROM awunits_view
               WHERE     awproduct > 39
               AND       awproduct < 46 
               AND       awcustomer = '7'
               AND       awchannel = 'Internet'
               AND       awtime = '4';

PRODUCTS        LOWEST_UNITS
--------------- ------------
40              0
41              1
42              1
43              1
44              1
45              0

This query shows that products 41-44 all had less than 500 units. These products are the documentation sets in German, French, Spanish, and Italian. The selected products are shown as follows.

SQL>execute dbms_aw.execute
           ('limit product_aw to product_aw gt 39 and product_aw lt 46');
SQL>execute dbms_aw.execute('rpr product_aw_short_description');
 
PRODUCT_AW                 PRODUCT_AW_SHORT_DESCRIPTION
--------------- --------------------------------------------------
40              O/S Documentation Set - English
41              O/S Documentation Set - German
42              O/S Documentation Set - French
43              O/S Documentation Set - Spanish
44              O/S Documentation Set - Italian
45              O/S Documentation Set - Kanji

OLAP_EXPRESSION_DATE

OLAP_EXPRESSION_DATE is a SQL function that dynamically executes an OLAP DML datetime expression within the context of an OLAP_TABLE function. In addition to returning a custom measure, you can use this function in the WHERE and ORDER BY clauses to modify the result set of the query of the analytic workspace.

OLAP_EXPRESSION_TEXT returns character data. To return numeric, boolean, or text data, use OLAP_EXPRESSION, OLAP_EXPRESSION_BOOL, or OLAP_EXPRESSION_TEXT SQL functions.

Before you use this function, you must specify a ROW2CELL clause in the limit map used by OLAP_TABLE. ROW2CELL identifies a RAW column that OLAP_TABLE populates with information used by the OLAP single-row functions.

Note:

You cannot execute this function from within the OLAP Worksheet. You must execute if in a SQL tool such as SQL Worksheet.

Returns

An evaluation of date_expression for each row of the table object returned by the OLAP_TABLE function.

OLAP_EXPRESSION_DATE returns date data. To return numeric, boolean, or text data, use the OLAP_EXPRESSION, OLAP_EXPRESSION_BOOL, or OLAP_EXPRESSION_TEXT functions.

Syntax

OLAP_EXPRESSION_DATE(
          r2c               IN   RAW(32),
          date_expression   IN   VARCHAR2)
      RETURN NUMBER;

Parameters

r2c

The name of a column specified by a ROW2CELL clause in the limit map. See "ROW2CELL Clause" of OLAP_TABLE

date_experssion

An OLAP DML expression that returns an OLAP DML datetime result.

Examples

Refer to the examples in OLAP_EXPRESSION and OLAP_EXPRESSION_BOOL for examples of OLAP single-row functions.


OLAP_EXPRESSION_TEXT

OLAP_EXPRESSION_TEXT is a SQL function that dynamically executes an OLAP DML text expression within the context of an OLAP_TABLE function. In addition to returning a custom measure, you can use this function in the WHERE and ORDER BY clauses to modify the result set of the query of the analytic workspace.

OLAP_EXPRESSION_TEXT returns character data. To return numeric, boolean, or date data, use OLAP_EXPRESSION, OLAP_EXPRESSION_BOOL, or OLAP_EXPRESSION_DATE SQL functions.

Before you use this function, you must specify a ROW2CELL clause in the limit map used by OLAP_TABLE. ROW2CELL identifies a RAW column that OLAP_TABLE populates with information used by the OLAP single-row functions.

Note:

You cannot execute this function from within the OLAP Worksheet. You must execute if in a SQL tool such as SQL Worksheet.

Returns

An evaluation of text_expression for each row of the table object returned by the OLAP_TABLE function.

Syntax

OLAP_EXPRESSION_TEXT(
          r2c               IN   RAW(32),
          text_expression   IN   VARCHAR2)
      RETURN NUMBER;

Parameters

r2c

The name of a column specified by a ROW2CELL clause in the limit map. See "ROW2CELL Clause" of OLAP_TABLE

text_experssion

An OLAP DML expression that returns a text result.

Example

Refer to the examples in OLAP_EXPRESSION and OLAP_EXPRESSION_BOOL for examples of OLAP single-row functions.