ASMCMD Disk Group Management Commands

This section describes the ASMCMD disk group management commands.

Table 12-26 provides a summary of the disk group management commands.

Table 12-26 Summary of ASMCMD Disk Group Management Commands

Command	Description
chdg	Changes a disk group (add, drop, or rebalance).
chkdg	Checks or repairs a disk group.
dropdg	Drops a disk group.
iostat	Displays I/O statistics for disks.
lsattr	Lists the attribute of a disk group.
lsdg	Lists disk groups and their information.
lsdsk	Lists disks Oracle ASM disks.
lsod	Lists open devices.
md_backup	Creates a backup of the metadata of mounted disk groups.
md_restore	Restores disk groups from a backup of the metadata.
mkdg	Creates a disk group.
mount	Mounts a disk group.
offline	Offline a disk or a failure group.
online	Onlines a disk or a failure group.
rebal	Rebalances a disk group.
remap	Relocates data in a range of physical blocks on a disk.
setattr	Sets attributes in a disk group.
umount	Dismounts a disk group.

chdg

Purpose

Changes a disk group (adds disks, drops disks, or rebalances) based on an XML configuration file.

Syntax and Description

chdg { config_file.xml | 'contents_of_xml_file' }

Table 12-27 Options for the chdg Command

Option Description

Option	Description
`config_file`	Name of the XML file that contains the changes for the disk group. `chdg` searches for the XML file in the directory where ASMCMD was started unless a path is specified. For examples of the valid tags and XML configuration file, see Example 12-28 and Example 12-29.
`contents_of_xml_file`	The XML script enclosed in single quotations.

config_file

Name of the XML file that contains the changes for the disk group. chdg searches for the XML file in the directory where ASMCMD was started unless a path is specified.

For examples of the valid tags and XML configuration file, see Example 12-28 and Example 12-29.

contents_of_xml_file

The XML script enclosed in single quotations.

chdg modifies a disk group based on an XML configuration file. The modification includes adding or deleting disks from an existing disk group, and the setting rebalance power level. The power level can set from 0 to the maximum of 11, the same values as the ASM_POWER_LIMIT initialization parameter. For information about the initialization parameter, see "ASM_POWER_LIMIT".

When adding disks to a disk group, the diskstring must be specified similar to the ASM_DISKSTRING initialization parameter. For information about the initialization parameter, see "ASM_DISKSTRING".

The failure groups are optional parameters. The default causes every disk to belong to a its own failure group. For information about failure groups, see"Oracle ASM Failure Groups".

Dropping disks from a disk group can be performed through this operation. An individual disk can be referenced by its Oracle ASM disk name. A the set of disks that belong to a failure group can be specified by the failure group name. For information about dropping disks, see"Dropping Disks from Disk Groups".

You can resize a disk inside a disk group with chdg. The resize operation fails if there is not enough space for storing data after the resize. For information about resizing disks, see"Resizing Disks in Disk Groups".

Example 12-28 shows the basic structure and the valid tags with their respective attributes for the chdg XML configuration file.

Example 12-28 Tags for the chdg XML Configuration Template

<chdg> update disk clause (add/delete disks/failure groups)
      name         disk group to change
      power        power to perform rebalance
 
<add>  items to add are placed here
</add>

<drop> items to drop are placed here
</drop>

<fg>  failure group
      name         failure group name
</fg>

<dsk> disk
      name         disk name
      path         disk path
      size         size of the disk to add
</dsk>

</chdg>

For information about creating a disk group with ASMCMD mkdg, see "mkdg". For information about altering disk groups, see "Altering Disk Groups". For information about XML, see http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/xml/index.html

Example

The following is an example of an XML configuration file for chdg. This XML file alters the disk group named data. The failure group fg1 is dropped and the disk data_0001 is also dropped. The /dev/disk5 disk is added to failure group fg2. The rebalance power level is set to 3.

Example 12-29 chdg sample XML configuration file

<chdg name="data" power="3">
  <drop>
    <fg name="fg1"></fg>
    <dsk name="data_0001"/>
  </drop>
  <add>
    <fg name="fg2">
      <dsk string="/dev/disk5"/>
    </fg>
  </add>
</chdg>

The following are examples of the chdg command with the configuration file or configuration information on the command line.

Example 12-30 Using chdg

ASMCMD [+] > chdg data_config.xml

ASMCMD [+] > chdg '<chdg name="data" power="3">
        <drop><fg name="fg1"></fg><dsk name="data_0001"/></drop>
        <add><fg name="fg2"><dsk string="/dev/disk5"/></fg></add></chdg>'

chkdg

Purpose

Checks or repairs the metadata of a disk group.

Syntax and Description

chkdg [--repair] diskgroup

Table 12-28 Options for the chkdg Command

Option	Description
`--repair`	Repairs the disk group.
`diskgroup`	Name of disk group to check or repair.

chkdg checks the metadata of a disk group for errors and optionally repairs the errors.

Example

The following is an example of the chkdg command used to check and repair the data disk group.

Example 12-31 Using chkdg

ASMCMD [+] > chkdg --repair data

dropdg

Purpose

Drops a disk group.

Syntax and Description

dropdg [-r -f] [-r] diskgroup

Table 12-29 Options for the dropdg Command

Option	Description
`-f`	Force the operation. Only applicable if the disk group cannot be mounted.
`-r`	Recursive, include contents.
`diskgroup`	Name of disk group to drop.

dropdg drops an existing disk group. The disk group cannot be mounted on more than one node.

Example

These are examples of the use of dropdg. The first example forces the drop of the disk group data, including any data in the disk group. The second example drops the disk group fra, including any data in the disk group.

Example 12-32 Using dropdg

ASMCMD [+] > dropdg -r -f data

ASMCMD [+] > dropdg -r fra

iostat

Purpose

Displays I/O statistics for Oracle ASM disks in mounted disk groups.

Syntax and Description

iostat [-etH][--io][--region] [-G diskgroup] [interval]

iostat lists disk group statistics using the V$ASM_DISK_IOSTAT view.

Table 12-30 Options for the iostat command

Option	Description
`-e`	Displays error statistics (Read_Err, Write_Err).
`-G` `diskgroup`	Displays statistics for the disk group name.
`-H`	Suppresses column headings.
`--io`	Displays information in number of I/Os, instead of bytes.
`-t`	Displays time statistics (Read_Time, Write_Time).
`--region`	Displays information for cold and hot disk regions (Cold_Reads, Cold_Writes, Hot_Reads, Hot_Writes).
`interval`	Refreshes the statistics display based on the interval value (seconds).

Table 12-31 shows the statistics for a disk group. To view the complete set of statistics for a disk group, use the V$ASM_DISK_IOSTAT view.

Table 12-31 Attribute descriptions for iostat command output

Attribute Name	Description
Group_Name	Name of the disk group.
Dsk_Name	Name of the disk.
Reads	Total number of bytes read from the disk. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os.
Writes	Total number of bytes written from the disk. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os.
Cold_Reads	Total number of bytes read from the cold disk region. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os.
Cold_Writes	Total number of bytes written from the cold disk region. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os.
Hot_Reads	Total number of bytes read from the hot disk region. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os.
Hot_Writes	Total number of bytes written from the hot disk region. If the `--io` option is entered, then the value is displayed as number of I/Os.
Read_Err	Total number of failed I/O read requests for the disk.
Write_Err	Total number of failed I/O write requests for the disk.
Read_Time	Total I/O time (in hundredths of a second) for read requests for the disk if the `TIMED_STATISTICS` initialization parameter is set to `TRUE` (0 if set to `FALSE`).
Write_Time	Total I/O time (in hundredths of a second) for write requests for the disk if the `TIMED_STATISTICS` initialization parameter is set to `TRUE` (0 if set to `FALSE`).

Example

The following are examples of the iostat command. The first example displays disk I/O statistics for the data disk group in total number of bytes. The second example displays disk I/O statistics for the data disk group in total number of I/O operations.

Example 12-33 Using iostat

ASMCMD [+] > iostat -G data
Group_Name  Dsk_Name   Reads       Writes     
DATA        DATA_0000  180488192   473707520  
DATA        DATA_0001  1089585152  469538816  
DATA        DATA_0002  191648256   489570304  
DATA        DATA_0003  175724032   424845824  
DATA        DATA_0004  183421952   781429248  
DATA        DATA_0005  1102540800  855269888  
DATA        DATA_0006  171290624   447662592  
DATA        DATA_0007  172281856   361337344  
DATA        DATA_0008  173225472   390840320  
DATA        DATA_0009  288497152   838680576  
DATA        DATA_0010  196657152   375764480  
DATA        DATA_0011  436420096   356003840  

ASMCMD [+] > iostat --io -G data
Group_Name  Dsk_Name   Reads  Writes  
DATA        DATA_0000  2801   34918   
DATA        DATA_0001  58301  35700   
DATA        DATA_0002  3320   36345   
DATA        DATA_0003  2816   10629   
DATA        DATA_0004  2883   34850   
DATA        DATA_0005  59306  38097   
DATA        DATA_0006  2151   10129   
DATA        DATA_0007  2686   10376   
DATA        DATA_0008  2105   8955    
DATA        DATA_0009  9121   36713   
DATA        DATA_0010  3557   8596    
DATA        DATA_0011  17458  9269

lsattr

Purpose

Lists the attributes of a disk group.

Syntax and Description

lsattr [-G diskgroup ] [-Hlm] [pattern]

Table 12-32 Options for the lsattr command

Option	Description
`-G` `diskgroup`	Disk group name.
`-H`	Suppresses column headings.
`-l`	Display names with values.
`-m`	Displays additional information, such as the RO and Sys columns.
`pattern`	Display the attributes that contain pattern expression.

Information about disk group attributes is retrieved from the V$ASM_ATTRIBUTE view. For information about disk group attributes, see "Disk Group Attributes".

The RO (read-only) column identifies those attributes that can only be set when a disk group is created. The Sys column identifies those attributes that are system-created.

To display information about the disk group template attributes, see "lstmpl".

Example

The following are examples of the lsattr command. The first displays information about all attributes for the data disk group. The second example displays only those attributes with names containing the string compat for the fra disk group.

Example 12-34 Using lsattr

ASMCMD [+] > lsattr -l -G data
Name                     Value       
access_control.enabled   FALSE       
access_control.umask     066         
au_size                  4194304     
cell.smart_scan_capable  FALSE       
compatible.advm          11.2.0.0.0  
compatible.asm           11.2.0.0.0  
compatible.rdbms         10.1.0.0.0  
disk_repair_time         3.6h        
sector_size              512     

ASMCMD [+] > lsattr -l -G fra %compat*
Name              Value       
compatible.asm    11.2.0.0.0  
compatible.rdbms  10.1.0.0.0

lsdg

Purpose

Lists disk groups and their information. lsdg queries V$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT by default. If the --discovery flag is specified, the V$ASM_DISKGROUP is queried instead. The output also includes notification of any current rebalance operation for a disk group. If a disk group is specified, then lsdg returns only information about that disk group.

Syntax and Description

lsdg [-gH][--discovery][pattern]

Table 12-33 lists the options for the lsdg command.

Table 12-33 Options for the lsdg command

Option	Description
(none)	Displays the disk group attributes listed in Table 12-34.
`--discovery`	Selects from `V$ASM_DISKGROUP`, or from `GV$ASM_DISKGROUP` if the -g flag is also specified. This option is always enabled if the Oracle ASM instance is version 10.1 or earlier. This flag is disregarded if `lsdsk` is running in non-connected mode.
`-g`	Selects from `GV$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT`, or from `GV$ASM_DISKGROUP` if the `--discovery` flag is also specified. `GV$ASM_DISKGOUP.INST_ID` is included in the output. The `REBAL` column of the `GV$ASM_OPERATION` view is also included in the output.
`-H`	Suppresses column headings.
`pattern`	Returns only information about the specified disk group or disk groups that match the supplied pattern. See "Wildcard Characters".

Table 12-34 shows the attributes for each disk group. To view the complete set of attributes for a disk group, use the V$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT or V$ASM_DISKGROUP view.

Attribute Name	Description
State	State of the disk group. Values include `BROKEN`, `CONNECTED`, `DISMOUNTED`, `MOUNTED`, `QUIESCING`, and `UNKNOWN`.
Type	Disk group redundancy (`NORMAL`, `HIGH`, `EXTERNAL`).
Rebal	`Y` if a rebalance operation is in progress.
Sector	Sector size in bytes.
Block	Block size in bytes.
AU	Allocation unit size in bytes.
Total_MB	Size of the disk group in megabytes.
Free_MB	Free space in the disk group in megabytes, without regard to redundancy. From the `V$ASM_DISKGROUP` view.
Req_mir_free_MB	Amount of space that must be available in the disk group to restore full redundancy after the most severe failure that can be tolerated by the disk group. This is the `REQUIRED_MIRROR_FREE_MB` column from the `V$ASM_DISKGROUP` view.
Usable_file_MB	Amount of free space, adjusted for mirroring, that is available for new files. From the `V$ASM_DISKGROUP` view.
Offline_disks	Number of offline disks in the disk group. Offline disks are eventually dropped.
Voting_files	Specifies whether the disk group contains voting disks (`Y` or `N`).
Name	Disk group name.

lsdsk

Purpose

List Oracle ASM disks.

Syntax and Description

lsdsk [-kptgMHI][-G diskgroup ] [ --member|--candidate]
[--discovery][--statistics][pattern]

Table 12-35 lists the options for the lsdsk command.

Table 12-35 Options for the lsdsk command

Option	Description
(none)	Displays the `PATH` column of the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`-k`	Displays the `TOTAL_MB`, `FREE_MB`, `OS_MB`,`NAME`, `FAILGROUP`, `LIBRARY`, `LABEL`, `UDID`, `PRODUCT`, `REDUNDANCY`, and `PATH` columns of the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`--statistics`	Displays the `READS`, `WRITES`, `READ_ERRS`, `WRITE_ERRS`, `READ_TIME`, `WRITE_TIME`, `BYTES_READ`, `BYTES_WRITTEN`, and the `PATH` columns of the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`-p`	Displays the `GROUP_NUMBER`, `DISK_NUMBER`, `INCARNATION`, `MOUNT_STATUS`, `HEADER_STATUS`, `MODE_STATUS`, `STATE`, and the `PATH` columns of the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`-t`	Displays the `CREATE_DATE`, `MOUNT_DATE`, `REPAIR_TIMER`, and the `PATH` columns of the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`-g`	Selects from `GV$ASM_DISK_STAT`, or from `GV$ASM_DISK` if the `--discovery` flag is also specified. `GV$ASM_DISK.INST_ID` is included in the output.
`--discovery`	Selects from `V$ASM_DISK`, or from `GV$ASM_DISK` if the -g flag is also specified. This option is always enabled if the Oracle ASM instance is version 10.1 or earlier. This flag is disregarded if `lsdsk` is running in non-connected mode.
`-H`	Suppresses column headings.
`-I`	Scans disk headers for information rather than extracting the information from an Oracle ASM instance. This option forces non-connected mode.
`-G`	Restricts results to only those disks that belong to the group specified by `diskgroup`.
`-M`	Displays the disks that are visible to some but not all active instances. These are disks that, if included in a disk group, cause the mount of that disk group to fail on the instances where the disks are not visible.
`--candidate`	Restricts results to only disks having membership status equal to `CANDIDATE`.
`--member`	Restricts results to only disks having membership status equal to `MEMBER`.
`pattern`	Returns only information about the specified disks that match the supplied pattern.

The lsdsk command can run in connected or non-connected mode. The connected mode is always attempted first. The -I option forces non-connected mode.

In connected mode, lsdsk uses the V$ASM_DISK_STAT and V$ASM_DISK dynamic views to retrieve disk information. The V$ASM_DISK_STAT view is used by default.
In non-connected mode, lsdsk scans disk headers to retrieve disk information. Some information is not available in this mode and some options are not valid combinations with this mode.

Note:

The non-connected mode is not supported on Windows.

pattern restricts the output to only disks that match the pattern specified. Wild-card characters and slashes (/ or \) can be part of the pattern. pattern should be specified as the last option for the command. For information about wildcards, see "Wildcard Characters".

The -k, -p, -t, and --statistics options modify how much information is displayed for each disk. If any combination of the options are specified, then the output shows the union of the attributes associated with each flag.

Example

The following are examples of the lsdsk command. The first and second examples list information about disks in the data disk group. The third example lists information about candidate disks.

Example 12-36 Using lsdsk

ASMCMD [+] > lsdsk -t -G data
Create_Date  Mount_Date  Repair_Timer  Path
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diska1
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diska2
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diska3
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskb1
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskb2
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskb3
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskc1
13-JUL-09    13-JUL-09   0             /devices/diskc2
...

ASMCMD [+] > lsdsk -p -G data /devices/diska*
Group_Num  Disk_Num      Incarn  Mount_Stat  Header_Stat  Mode_Stat  State   Path
        1         0  2105454210  CACHED      MEMBER       ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diska1
        1         1  2105454199  CACHED      MEMBER       ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diska2
        1         2  2105454205  CACHED      MEMBER       ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diska3

ASMCMD [+] > lsdsk --candidate -p
Group_Num  Disk_Num      Incarn  Mount_Stat  Header_Stat  Mode_Stat  State   Path
        0         5  2105454171  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diske1
        0        25  2105454191  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diske2
        0        18  2105454184  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diske3
        0        31  2105454197  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diskk1
        0        21  2105454187  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diskk2
        0        26  2105454192  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diskk3
        0        14  2105454180  CLOSED      CANDIDATE    ONLINE     NORMAL  /devices/diskl1
...

lsod

Purpose

Lists the open ASM disks.

Syntax and Description

lsod [-H] [-G diskgroup] [--process process] [pattern]

Table 12-36 Options for the lsod command

Option	Description
`-H`	Suppresses column header information from the output.
`-G` `diskgroup`	Specifies the disk group that contains the open disks.
`--process` `process`	Specifies a pattern to filter the list of processes.
`pattern`	Specifies a pattern to filter the list of disks.

The rebalance operation (RBAL) opens a disk both globally and locally so the same disk may be listed twice in the output for the RBAL process.

Example

The following are examples of the lsod command. The first example lists the open devices associated with the data disk group and the LGWR process. The second example lists the open devices associated with the LGWR process for disks that match the diska pattern.

Example 12-37 Using lsod

ASMCMD [+] > lsod -G data --process LGWR
Instance Process                  OSPID Path
1        oracle@dadvmn0652 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska1 
1        oracle@dadvmn0652 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska2 
1        oracle@dadvmn0652 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska3 
1        oracle@dadvmn0652 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diskb1 
1        oracle@dadvmn0652 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diskb2 
1        oracle@dadvmn0652 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diskb3 
1        oracle@dadvmn0652 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diskd1 

ASMCMD [+] > lsod --process LGWR diska
Instance Process                  OSPID Path
1        oracle@dadvmn0652 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska1 
1        oracle@dadvmn0652 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska2 
1        oracle@dadvmn0652 (LGWR) 26593 /devices/diska3

For another example of the lsod command, see Example 12-2.

md_backup

Purpose

The md_backup command creates a backup file containing metadata for one or more disk groups.

Volume and Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (Oracle ACFS) file system information is not backed up.

Syntax and Description

md_backup backup_file
[-G 'diskgroup [,diskgroup,...]']

Table 12-37 describes the options for the md_backup command.

Table 12-37 Options for the md_backup Command

Option	Description
`backup_file`	Specifies the backup file in which you want to store the metadata.
`-G` `diskgroup`	Specifies the disk group name of the disk group that must be backed up

By default all the mounted disk groups are included in the backup file, which is saved in the current working directory.

Example

The first example shows the use of the backup command when you run it without options. This example backs up all of the mounted disk groups and creates the backup image in the current working directory. The second example creates a backup of disk group data and fra. The backup that this example creates is saved in the /tmp/dgbackup20090714 file.

Example 12-38 Using md_backup

ASMCMD [+] > md_backup /tmp/dgbackup20090716

ASMCMD [+] > md_backup /tmp/dgbackup20090716 -G data,fra
Disk group metadata to be backed up: DATA
Disk group metadata to be backed up: FRA
Current alias directory path: ASM/ASMPARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/DATAFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/TEMPFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/PARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: ASM
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: ORCL
Current alias directory path: ORCL/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2009_07_13
Current alias directory path: ORCL/BACKUPSET/2009_07_14
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2009_07_14
Current alias directory path: ORCL
Current alias directory path: ORCL/DATAFILE
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG
Current alias directory path: ORCL/BACKUPSET
Current alias directory path: ORCL/ONLINELOG

md_restore

Purpose

This command restores a disk group metadata backup.

Syntax and Description

md_restore backup_file [--silent]
[--full|--nodg|--newdg -o 'old_diskgroup:new_diskgroup [,...]']
[-S sql_script_file] [-G 'diskgroup [,diskgroup...]']

Table 12-38 describes the options for the md_restore command.

Table 12-38 Options for the md_restore command

Option	Description
`backup_file`	Reads the metadata information from `backup_file`.
`--silent`	Ignore errors. Typically, if `md_restore` encounters an error, it stops. Specifying this flag ignores any errors.
`--full`	Specifies to create a disk group and restore metadata.
`--nodg`	Specifies to restore metadata only.
`--newdg` `-o` `old_diskgroup:new_diskgroup`]	Specifies to create a disk group with a different name when restoring metadata. The `-o` option is required with `--newdg`.
`-S` `sql_script_file`	Write SQL commands to the specified SQL script file instead of executing the commands.
`-G` `diskgroup`	Select the disk groups to be restored. If no disk groups are defined, then all disk groups are restored.

Example

The first example restores the disk group data from the backup script and creates a copy. The second example takes an existing disk group data and restores its metadata. The third example restores disk group data completely but the new disk group that is created is called data2. The fourth example restores from the backup file after applying the overrides defined in the override.sql script file.

Example 12-39 Using md_restore

ASMCMD [+] > md_restore –-full –G data –-silent /tmp/dgbackup20090714

ASMCMD [+] > md_restore –-nodg –G data –-silent /tmp/dgbackup20090714

ASMCMD [+] > md_restore –-newdg  -o 'data:data2' --silent /tmp/dgbackup20090714

ASMCMD [+] > md_restore -S override.sql --silent /tmp/dgbackup20090714

mkdg

Purpose

Creates a disk group based on an XML configuration file.

Syntax and Description

mkdg { config_file.xml | 'contents_of_xml_file' }

Table 12-39 Options for the mkdg Command

Option Description

Option	Description
`config_file`	Name of the XML file that contains the configuration for the new disk group. `mkdg` searches for the XML file in the directory where ASMCMD was started unless a path is specified. For examples of the valid tags and XML configuration file, see Example 12-40 and Example 12-41.
`contents_of_xml_file`	The XML script enclosed in single quotations.

config_file

Name of the XML file that contains the configuration for the new disk group. mkdg searches for the XML file in the directory where ASMCMD was started unless a path is specified.

For examples of the valid tags and XML configuration file, see Example 12-40 and Example 12-41.

contents_of_xml_file

The XML script enclosed in single quotations.

mkdg creates a new disk group with an XML configuration file that specifies the name of the disk group, redundancy, attributes, and paths of the disks that form the disk group. Redundancy is an optional parameter; the default is normal redundancy. For some types of redundancy, disks are required to be gathered into failure groups. In the case that failure groups are not specified, every disk will be in its own failure group.

It is possible to set some of the disk group attribute values during disk group creation. Some attributes, such as AU_SIZE and SECTOR_SIZE, can be set only during disk group creation. For more information about disk groups attributes, "Disk Group Attributes".

The default disk group compatibility settings are 10.1 for Oracle ASM compatibility, 10.1 for database compatibility, and no value for Oracle ADVM compatibility. For information about disk group compatibility attributes, see "Disk Group Compatibility".

Example 12-40 shows the basic structure and the valid tags with their respective attributes for the mkdg XML configuration file.

Example 12-40 Tags for mkdg XML Configuration File

<dg>  disk group
      name         disk group name
      redundancy   normal, external, high
 
<fg>  failure group
      name         failure group name
</fg>

<dsk> disk
      name         disk name
      path         disk path
      size         size of the disk to add
</dsk>

<a>   attribute
      name         attribute name
      value        attribute value
</a>

</dg>

For information about altering a disk group with ASMCMD chdg, see "chdg". For information about creating a disk group, see "Creating Disk Groups". For information about XML, see http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/xml/index.html

Example

The following is an example of an XML configuration file for mkdg. The configuration file creates a disk group named data with normal redundancy. Two failure groups, fg1 and fg2, are created, each with two disks identified by associated disk strings. The disk group compatibility attributes are all set to 11.2.

Example 12-41 mkdg sample XML configuration file

<dg name="data" redundancy="normal">
  <fg name="fg1">
    <dsk string="/dev/disk1"/>
    <dsk string="/dev/disk2"/>
  </fg>
  <fg name="fg2">
    <dsk string="/dev/disk3"/>
    <dsk string="/dev/disk4"/>
  </fg>
  <a name="compatible.asm" value="11.2"/>
  <a name="compatible.rdbms" value="11.2"/>
  <a name="compatible.advm" value="11.2"/>
</dg>

The following are examples of the mkdg command. The first example executes mkdg with an XML configuration file in the directory where ASMCMD was started. The second examples executes mkdg using information on the command line.

Example 12-42 Using mkdg

ASMCMD [+] > mkdg data_config.xml

ASMCMD [+] > mkdg '<dg name="data"><dsk path="/dev/disk*"/></dg>'

mount

Purpose

Mounts a disk group.

Syntax and Description

mount [--restrict] { [-a] | [-f] diskgroup[ diskgroup ...] }

Table 12-40 Options for the mount Command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Name of the disk group.
`-a`	Mounts all disk groups.
`--restrict`	Mounts in restricted mode.
`-f`	Forces the mount operation.

This operation mounts one or more disk groups. A disk group can be mounted with or without force or restricted options. For more information about mounting disk groups, see "Mounting and Dismounting Disk Groups".

Example

The following are examples of the mount command showing the use of the force, restrict, and all options.

Example 12-43 Using mount

ASMCMD [+] > mount -f data

ASMCMD [+] > mount --restrict data

ASMCMD [+] > mount -a

offline

Purpose

Offline disks or failure groups that belong to a disk group.

Syntax and Description

offline -G diskgroup
{ -F failgroup |-D disk}
[-t {minutes | hours}]

Table 12-41 Options for the offline command

Option	Description
`-G` `diskgroup`	Disk group name.
`-F` `failgroup`	Failure group name.
`-D` `disk`	Specifies a single disk name.
`-t` `minutes` \| `hours`	Specifies the time before the specified disk is dropped as `nm` or `nh`, where `m` specifies minutes and `h` specifies hours. The default unit is hours.

When a failure group is specified, this implies all the disks that belong to it should be offlined.

Example

The following are examples of the offline command. The first example offlines the failgroup1 failure group of the data disk group. The second example offlines the data_0001 disk of the data disk group with a time of 1.5 hours before the disk is dropped.

Example 12-44 Using offline

ASMCMD [+] > offline -G data -F failgroup1

ASMCMD [+] > offline -G data -D data_0001 -t 1.5h

online

Purpose

Online all disks, a single disk, or a failure group that belongs to a disk group.

Syntax and Description

online { [-a] -G diskgroup | -F failgroup |-D disk} [-w]

Table 12-42 Options for the online command

Option	Description
`-a`	Online all offline disks in the disk group.
`-G` `diskgroup`	Disk group name.
`-F` `failgroup`	Failure group name.
`-D` `disk`	Disk name.
`-w`	Wait option. Causes ASMCMD to wait for the disk group to be rebalanced before returning control to the user. The default is not waiting.

When a failure group is specified, this implies all the disks that belong to it should be onlined.

Example

The following are examples of the online command. The first example onlines all disks in the failgroup1 failure group of the data disk group with the wait option enabled. The second example onlines the data_0001 disk in the data disk group.

Example 12-45 Using online

ASMCMD [+] > online -G data -F failgroup1 -w 

ASMCMD [+] > online -G data -D data_0001

rebal

Purpose

Rebalances a disk group.

Syntax and Description

rebal [--power power] [-w] diskgroup

Table 12-43 Options for the rebal command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Disk group name.
`--power` `power`	Power setting (0 to 11).
`-w`	Wait option. Causes ASMCMD to wait for the disk group to be rebalanced before returning control to the user. The default is not waiting.

The power level can be set from 0 to 11. A value of 0 disables rebalancing. If the rebalance power is not specified, the value defaults to the setting of the ASM_POWER_LIMIT initialization parameter. For information about the power level, see "ASM_POWER_LIMIT" and "Tuning Rebalance Operations".

You can determine if a rebalance operation is occurring with the ASMCMD lsop command. See "lsop".

For more information about rebalancing a disk group, see "Manually Rebalancing Disk Groups".

Example

The following is an example of the rebal command that rebalances the fra disk group with a power level set to 4.

Example 12-46 Using rebal

ASMCMD [+] > rebal --power 4 fra

ASMCMD [+] > lsop
Group_Name  Dsk_Num  State  Power
FRA         REBAL    RUN    4

remap

Purpose

Marks a range of blocks as unusable on the disk and relocates any data allocated in that range.

Syntax and Description

remap diskgroup disk block_range

Table 12-44 Options for the remap command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Disk group name in which a disk must have data relocated.
`disk`	Name of the disk that must have data relocated. The name must match the `NAME` column in the `V$ASM_DISK` view.
`block_range`	Range of physical blocks to relocate in the format `start_range_number-end_range_number`.

The remap command only relocates blocks. It does not correct or repair blocks that contain corrupted contents.

The command uses a physical block size based on the SECTOR_SIZE disk group attribute.

Examples

The first example remaps blocks 5000 through 5999 for disk DATA_0001 in disk group DATA. The second example remaps blocks 6230 through 6339 for disk FRA_0002 in disk group FRA

Example 12-47 Using remap

ASMCMD [+] > remap DATA DATA_0001 5000-5999

ASMCMD [+] > remap FRA FRA_0002 6230-6339

setattr

Purpose

Sets the attributes for an Oracle ASM disk group.

Syntax and Description

setattr -G diskgroup attribute_name attribute_value

Table 12-45 Options for the setattr command

Option	Description
`-G` `diskgroup`	Disk group name.
`attribute_name`	Name of the attribute.
`attribute_value`	Value of the attribute.

For information about disk group attributes, see "Disk Group Attributes".

Example

The following are examples of the setattr command. The first example sets the disk group attribute COMPATIBLE.ASM to 11.2 for the data disk group. The second example sets the disk group attribute COMPATIBLE.RDBMS to 11.2 for the data disk group.

Example 12-48 Using setattr

ASMCMD [+] > setattr -G data compatible.asm 11.2.0.0.0

ASMCMD [+] > setattr -G data compatible.rdbms 11.2.0.0.0

umount

Purpose

Dismounts a disk group.

Syntax and Description

umount { -a | [-f] diskgroup }

Table 12-46 Options for the umount Command

Option	Description
`diskgroup`	Name of the disk group.
`-a`	Dismounts all mounted disk groups. These disk groups are listed in the output of the `V$ASM_DISKGROUP` view.
`-f`	Forces the dismount operation.

Example

The following are examples of the umount command. The first example dismounts all disk groups mounted on the Oracle ASM instance. The second example forces the dismount of the data disk group.

Example 12-49 Using umount

ASMCMD [+] > umount -a

ASMCMD [+] > umount -f data