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Oracle® Database SQL Language Reference
11g Release 2 (11.2)

Part Number E10592-02
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CREATE TABLESPACE

Purpose

Use the CREATE TABLESPACE statement to create a tablespace, which is an allocation of space in the database that can contain schema objects.

When you create a tablespace, it is initially a read/write tablespace. You can subsequently use the ALTER TABLESPACE statement to take the tablespace offline or online, add data files or temp files to it, or make it a read-only tablespace.

You can also drop a tablespace from the database with the DROP TABLESPACE statement.

See Also:

Additional Topics

Prerequisites

You must have the CREATE TABLESPACE system privilege. To create the SYSAUX tablespace, you must have the SYSDBA system privilege.

Before you can create a tablespace, you must create a database to contain it, and the database must be open.

See Also:

CREATE DATABASE

To use objects in a tablespace other than the SYSTEM tablespace:

Note:

Oracle strongly recommends that you run your database in automatic undo management mode. For more information, refer to Oracle Database Administrator's Guide.

Syntax

create_tablespace::=

Description of create_tablespace.gif follows
Description of the illustration create_tablespace.gif

(permanent_tablespace_clause::=, temporary_tablespace_clause::=, undo_tablespace_clause::=)

permanent_tablespace_clause::=

Description of permanent_tablespace_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration permanent_tablespace_clause.gif

(file_specification::=, size_clause::=, logging_clause ::=, encryption_spec::=, table_compression::=—part of CREATE TABLE, storage_clause::=, extent_management_clause ::=, segment_management_clause ::=, flashback_mode_clause ::=)

logging_clause ::=

Description of logging_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration logging_clause.gif

encryption_spec::=

Description of encryption_spec.gif follows
Description of the illustration encryption_spec.gif

extent_management_clause ::=

Description of extent_management_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration extent_management_clause.gif

(size_clause::=)

segment_management_clause ::=

Description of segment_management_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration segment_management_clause.gif

flashback_mode_clause ::=

Description of flashback_mode_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration flashback_mode_clause.gif

temporary_tablespace_clause::=

Description of temporary_tablespace_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration temporary_tablespace_clause.gif

(file_specification::=, tablespace_group_clause, extent_management_clause ::=)

tablespace_group_clause::=

Description of tablespace_group_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration tablespace_group_clause.gif

undo_tablespace_clause::=

Description of undo_tablespace_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration undo_tablespace_clause.gif

(file_specification::=, extent_management_clause ::=, tablespace_retention_clause ::=)

tablespace_retention_clause ::=

Description of tablespace_retention_clause.gif follows
Description of the illustration tablespace_retention_clause.gif

Semantics

BIGFILE | SMALLFILE

Use this clause to determine whether the tablespace is a bigfile or smallfile tablespace. This clause overrides any default tablespace type setting for the database.

If you omit this clause, then Oracle Database uses the current default tablespace type of permanent or temporary tablespace set for the database. If you specify BIGFILE for a permanent tablespace, then the database by default creates a locally managed tablespace with automatic segment-space management.

Restrictions on Bigfile Tablespaces Bigfile tablespaces are subject to the following restrictions:

See Also:

permanent_tablespace_clause

Use the following clauses to create a permanent tablespace. (Some of these clauses are also used to create a temporary or undo tablespace.)

tablespace

Specify the name of the tablespace to be created.

Note on the SYSAUX Tablespace SYSAUX is a required auxiliary system tablespace. You must use the CREATE TABLESPACE statement to create the SYSAUX tablespace if you are upgrading from a release prior to Oracle Database 11g. You must have the SYSDBA system privilege to specify this clause, and you must have opened the database in MIGRATE mode.

You must specify EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL and SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO for the SYSAUX tablespace. The DATAFILE clause is optional only if you have enabled Oracle-managed files. See "DATAFILE | TEMPFILE Clause" for the behavior of the DATAFILE clause.

Take care to allocate sufficient space for the SYSAUX tablespace. For guidelines on creating this tablespace, refer to Oracle Database Upgrade Guide.

Restrictions on the SYSAUX Tablespace You cannot specify OFFLINE or TEMPORARY for the SYSAUX tablespace.

DATAFILE | TEMPFILE Clause

Specify the data files to make up the permanent tablespace or the temp files to make up the temporary tablespace. Use the datafile_tempfile_spec form of file_specification to create regular data files and temp files in an operating system file system or to create Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) disk group files.

You must specify the DATAFILE or TEMPFILE clause unless you have enabled Oracle-managed files by setting a value for the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter. For Oracle ASM disk group files, the parameter must be set to a multiple file creation form of Oracle ASM filenames. If this parameter is set, then the database creates a system-named 100 MB file in the default file destination specified in the parameter. The file has AUTOEXTEND enabled and an unlimited maximum size.


Note:

Media recovery does not recognize temp files.

See Also:

Notes on Specifying Data Files and Temp Files 

Note:

On some operating systems, Oracle does not allocate space for a temp file until the temp file blocks are actually accessed. This delay in space allocation results in faster creation and resizing of temp files, but it requires that sufficient disk space is available when the temp files are later used. To avoid potential problems, before you create or resize a temp file, ensure that the available disk space exceeds the size of the new temp file or the increased size of a resized temp file. The excess space should allow for anticipated increases in disk space use by unrelated operations as well. Then proceed with the creation or resizing operation.

See Also:

MINIMUM EXTENT Clause

This clause is valid only for a dictionary-managed tablespace. Specify the minimum size of an extent in the tablespace. This clause lets you control free space fragmentation in the tablespace by ensuring that the size of every used or free extent in a tablespace is at least as large as, and is a multiple of, the value specified in the size_clause.

See Also:

size_clause for information on that clause and Oracle Database VLDB and Partitioning Guide for more information about using MINIMUM EXTENT to control fragmentation

BLOCKSIZE Clause

Use the BLOCKSIZE clause to specify a nonstandard block size for the tablespace. In order to specify this clause, the DB_CACHE_SIZE and at least one DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE parameter must be set, and the integer you specify in this clause must correspond with the setting of one DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE parameter setting.

Restriction on BLOCKSIZE You cannot specify nonstandard block sizes for a temporary tablespace or if you intend to assign this tablespace as the temporary tablespace for any users.

Note:

Oracle recommend that you do not store tablespaces with a 2K block size on 4K sector size disks, because performance degradation can result.

See Also:

Oracle Database Reference for information on the DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE parameter and Oracle Database Concepts for information on multiple block sizes

logging_clause

Specify the default logging attributes of all tables, indexes, materialized views, materialized view logs, and partitions within the tablespace. LOGGING is the default. This clause is not valid for a temporary or undo tablespace.

The tablespace-level logging attribute can be overridden by logging specifications at the table, index, materialized view, materialized view log, and partition levels.

See Also:

logging_clause for a full description of this clause

FORCE LOGGING

Use this clause to put the tablespace into FORCE LOGGING mode. Oracle Database will log all changes to all objects in the tablespace except changes to temporary segments, overriding any NOLOGGING setting for individual objects. The database must be open and in READ WRITE mode.

This setting does not exclude the NOLOGGING attribute. You can specify both FORCE LOGGING and NOLOGGING. In this case, NOLOGGING is the default logging mode for objects subsequently created in the tablespace, but the database ignores this default as long as the tablespace or the database is in FORCE LOGGING mode. If you subsequently take the tablespace out of FORCE LOGGING mode, then the NOLOGGING default is once again enforced.

Note:

FORCE LOGGING mode can have performance effects. Please refer to Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for information on when to use this setting.

Restriction on Forced Logging You cannot specify FORCE LOGGING for an undo or temporary tablespace.

ENCRYPTION Clause

Use this clause to specify the encryption properties of the tablespace. This clause does not actually encrypt the tablespace. You must also specify the ENCRYPT keyword as part of the DEFAULT storage_clause in this statement in order for the tablespace to be encrypted. In addition, you must already have used the ALTER SYSTEM ... SET ENCRYPTION WALLET clause to load information from the server wallet into memory for database access. For more information, see "SET ENCRYPTION WALLET Clause".

Note:

You cannot decrypt a tablespace that has been created encrypted. You must create an unencrypted tablespace and re-create the database objects in the unencrypted tablespace.

encryption_spec The encryption properties are specified in encryption_spec. The only clause of encryption_spec that is relevant for tablespace encryption is the USING clause. Specify USING 'encrypt_algorithm' to indicate the name of the algorithm to be used. Valid algorithms are 3DES168, AES128, AES192, and AES256. If you omit this clause, then the database uses AES128.

DEFAULT storage_clause

This clause lets you specify default storage parameters for all objects created in the tablespace and default compression of data for all tables created in the tablespace. This clause is not valid for a temporary tablespace.

For a dictionary-managed tablespace, the only storage parameter you can specify with this clause is COMPRESS.

See Also:

ONLINE | OFFLINE Clauses

Use these clauses to determine whether the tablespace is online or offline. This clause is not valid for a temporary tablespace.

ONLINE  Specify ONLINE to make the tablespace available immediately after creation to users who have been granted access to the tablespace. This is the default.

OFFLINE  Specify OFFLINE to make the tablespace unavailable immediately after creation.

The data dictionary view DBA_TABLESPACES indicates whether each tablespace is online or offline.

extent_management_clause

The extent_management_clause lets you specify how the extents of the tablespace will be managed.

Note:

After you have specified extent management with this clause, you can change extent management only by migrating the tablespace.

If you do not specify the extent_management_clause, then Oracle Database interprets the MINIMUM EXTENT clause and the DEFAULT storage_clause to determine extent management.

See Also:

Oracle Database Concepts for a discussion of locally managed tablespaces

Restrictions on Extent Management Extent management is subject to the following restrictions:

See Also:

Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for information on changing extent management by migrating tablespaces and "Creating a Locally Managed Tablespace: Example"

segment_management_clause

The segment_management_clause is relevant only for permanent, locally managed tablespaces. It lets you specify whether Oracle Database should track the used and free space in the segments in the tablespace using free lists or bitmaps. This clause is not valid for a temporary tablespace.

AUTO  Specify AUTO if you want the database to manage the free space of segments in the tablespace using a bitmap. If you specify AUTO, then the database ignores any specification for PCTUSED, FREELIST, and FREELIST GROUPS in subsequent storage specifications for objects in this tablespace. This setting is called automatic segment-space management and is the default.

MANUAL Specify MANUAL if you want the database to manage the free space of segments in the tablespace using free lists. Oracle strongly recommends that you do not use this setting and that you create tablespaces with automatic segment-space management.

To determine the segment management of an existing tablespace, query the SEGMENT_SPACE_MANAGEMENT column of the DBA_TABLESPACES or USER_TABLESPACES data dictionary view.

Notes:

If you specify AUTO segment management, then:
  • If you set extent management to LOCAL UNIFORM, then you must ensure that each extent contains at least 5 database blocks.

  • If you set extent management to LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE, and if the database block size is 16K or greater, then Oracle manages segment space by creating extents with a minimum size of 5 blocks rounded up to 64K.

Restrictions on Automatic Segment-space Management This clause is subject to the following restrictions:

See Also:

flashback_mode_clause

Use this clause in conjunction with the ALTER DATABASE FLASHBACK clause to specify whether the tablespace can participate in FLASHBACK DATABASE operations. This clause is useful if you have the database in FLASHBACK mode but you do not want Oracle Database to maintain Flashback log data for this tablespace.

This clause is not valid for temporary or undo tablespaces.

FLASHBACK ON Specify FLASHBACK ON to put the tablespace in FLASHBACK mode. Oracle Database will save Flashback log data for this tablespace and the tablespace can participate in a FLASHBACK DATABASE operation. If you omit the flashback_mode_clause, then FLASHBACK ON is the default.

FLASHBACK OFF Specify FLASHBACK OFF to take the tablespace out of FLASHBACK mode. Oracle Database will not save any Flashback log data for this tablespace. You must take the data files in this tablespace offline or drop them prior to any subsequent FLASHBACK DATABASE operation. Alternatively, you can take the entire tablespace offline. In either case, the database does not drop existing Flashback logs.

Note:

The FLASHBACK mode of a tablespace is independent of the FLASHBACK mode of an individual table.

See Also:

temporary_tablespace_clause

Use this clause to create a locally managed temporary tablespace, which is an allocation of space in the database that can contain transient data that persists only for the duration of a session. This transient data cannot be recovered after process or instance failure.

The transient data can be user-generated schema objects such as temporary tables or system-generated data such as temp space used by hash joins and sort operations. When a temporary tablespace, or a tablespace group of which this tablespace is a member, is assigned to a particular user, then Oracle Database uses the tablespace for sorting operations in transactions initiated by that user.

The TEMPFILE clause is described in "DATAFILE | TEMPFILE Clause". The extent_management_clause is described in extent_management_clause .

See Also:

Oracle Database Security Guide for information on assigning temporary tablespaces to users

tablespace_group_clause

This clause is relevant only for temporary tablespaces. Use this clause to determine whether tablespace is a member of a tablespace group. A tablespace group lets you assign multiple temporary tablespaces to a single user and increases the addressability of temporary tablespaces.

See Also:

Restrictions on Temporary Tablespaces The data stored in temporary tablespaces persists only for the duration of a session. Therefore, only a subset of the CREATE TABLESPACE clauses are relevant for temporary tablespaces. The only clauses you can specify for a temporary tablespace are the TEMPFILE clause, the tablespace_group_clause, and the extent_management_clause.

undo_tablespace_clause

Specify UNDO to create an undo tablespace. When you run the database in automatic undo management mode, Oracle Database manages undo space using the undo tablespace instead of rollback segments. This clause is useful if you are now running in automatic undo management mode but your database was not created in automatic undo management mode.

Oracle Database always assigns an undo tablespace when you start up the database in automatic undo management mode. If no undo tablespace has been assigned to this instance, then the database uses the SYSTEM rollback segment. You can avoid this by creating an undo tablespace, which the database will implicitly assign to the instance if no other undo tablespace is currently assigned.

The DATAFILE clause is described in "DATAFILE | TEMPFILE Clause". The extent_management_clause is described in extent_management_clause .

tablespace_retention_clause

This clause is valid only for undo tablespaces.

Restrictions on Undo Tablespaces Undo tablespaces are subject to the following restrictions:

See Also:

Examples

These examples assume that your database is using 8K blocks.

Creating a Bigfile Tablespace: Example The following example creates a bigfile tablespace bigtbs_01 with a data file bigtbs_f1.dat of 20 MB:

CREATE BIGFILE TABLESPACE bigtbs_01
  DATAFILE 'bigtbs_f1.dat'
  SIZE 20M AUTOEXTEND ON;

Creating an Undo Tablespace: Example The following example creates a 10 MB undo tablespace undots1:

CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE undots1
   DATAFILE 'undotbs_1a.f'
   SIZE 10M AUTOEXTEND ON
   RETENTION GUARANTEE;

Creating a Temporary Tablespace: Example This statement shows how the temporary tablespace that serves as the default temporary tablespace for database users in the sample database was created:

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp_demo
   TEMPFILE 'temp01.dbf' SIZE 5M AUTOEXTEND ON;

Assuming that the default database block size is 2K, and that each bit in the map represents one extent, then each bit maps 2,500 blocks.

The following example sets the default location for data file creation and then creates a tablespace with an Oracle-managed temp file in the default location. The temp file is 100 M and is autoextensible with unlimited maximum size. These are the default values for Oracle-managed files:

ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST = '$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/dbs';

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tbs_05;

Adding a Temporary Tablespace to a Tablespace Group: Example The following statement creates the tbs_temp_02 temporary tablespace as a member of the tbs_grp_01 tablespace group. If the tablespace group does not already exist, then Oracle Database creates it during execution of this statement:

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tbs_temp_02
  TEMPFILE 'temp02.dbf' SIZE 5M AUTOEXTEND ON
  TABLESPACE GROUP tbs_grp_01;

Creating Basic Tablespaces: Examples This statement creates a tablespace named tbs_01 with one data file:

CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_01 
   DATAFILE 'tbs_f2.dat' SIZE 40M 
   ONLINE; 

This statement creates tablespace tbs_03 with one data file and allocates every extent as a multiple of 500K:

CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_03 
   DATAFILE 'tbs_f03.dbf' SIZE 20M
   LOGGING;

Enabling Autoextend for a Tablespace: Example This statement creates a tablespace named tbs_02 with one data file. When more space is required, 500 kilobyte extents will be added up to a maximum size of 100 megabytes:

CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_02 
   DATAFILE 'diskb:tbs_f5.dat' SIZE 500K REUSE
   AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 500K MAXSIZE 100M;

Creating a Locally Managed Tablespace: Example The following statement assumes that the database block size is 2K.

CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_04 DATAFILE 'file_1.f' SIZE 10M
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 128K;

This statement creates a locally managed tablespace in which every extent is 128K and each bit in the bit map describes 64 blocks.

The following statement creates a locally managed tablespace with uniform extents and shows an example of a table stored in that tablespace:

CREATE TABLESPACE lmt1 DATAFILE 'lmt_file2.f' SIZE 100m REUSE
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 1M;

CREATE TABLE lmt_table1 (col1 NUMBER, col2 VARCHAR2(20))
  TABLESPACE lmt1 STORAGE (INITIAL 2m);

The initial size of the segment is 5M.

The following example creates a locally managed tablespace without uniform extents:

CREATE TABLESPACE lmt2 DATAFILE 'lmt_file3.f' SIZE 100m REUSE 
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;

CREATE TABLE lmt_table2 (col1 NUMBER, col2 VARCHAR2(20)) 
  TABLESPACE lmt2 STORAGE (INITIAL 2m MAXSIZE 100m);

The initial segment size if the table is 5M. Oracle Database determines the size of each extent and the total number of extents allocated to satisfy the initial segment size. The segment's maximum size is limited to 100M.

Creating an Encrypted Tablespace: Example The following statement creates an encrypted tablespace. Encryption must first be enabled for the database by opening the wallet:

ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION KEY IDENTIFIED BY "password";

System altered.

CREATE TABLESPACE encrypt_ts
  DATAFILE '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/encrypt_df.dat' SIZE 1M
  ENCRYPTION USING '3DES168'
  DEFAULT STORAGE (ENCRYPT);

Tablespace created.

Specifying Segment Space Management for a Tablespace: Example The following example creates a tablespace with automatic segment-space management:

CREATE TABLESPACE auto_seg_ts DATAFILE 'file_2.f' SIZE 1M
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;

Creating Oracle-managed Files: Examples The following example sets the default location for data file creation and creates a tablespace with a data file in the default location. The data file is 100M and is autoextensible with an unlimited maximum size:

ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST = '$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/dbs';

CREATE TABLESPACE omf_ts1;

The following example creates a tablespace with an Oracle-managed data file of 100M that is not autoextensible:

CREATE TABLESPACE omf_ts2 DATAFILE AUTOEXTEND OFF;